RD Exam – MNT with Accurate
Solutions
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-The kidneys
conserve more bicarbonate
How is the RQ calculated? - ANSWER-CO2 produced divided by O2 consumed
RQ = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
Is glutamine an essential or non-essential amino acid? - ANSWER-Non-essential AA
that can become essential in times of stress.
What is the RQ for each of the macronutrients? - ANSWER-RQ of CHO = 1.0,
RQ of a mixed diet = 0.85,
RQ of protein = 0.82,
RQ of fat = 0.7
A high CO2 and low pH indicates what condition? - ANSWER-respiratory acidosis
What type of protein has the most influence on the renal solute load (RSL)? - ANSWER-
Caseinate
What nutrients increase a patient's renal solute load (RSL)? - ANSWER-protein &
sodium
What vitamin supplement would not be recommended to a patient with ESRD? -
ANSWER-Vitamin A; the body stores excessive vitamin A in the uremic state
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate? - ANSWER-125 mL/min
A patient with chronic renal failure with a GFR of 30 mL/min would require what protein
recommendation? - ANSWER-Conservative; 0.6-0.8 g/kg bodyweight protein
Oliguria is defined as a urine output of ______. - ANSWER-Less than 500 cc/24 hours
How much water is excreted per day by the average adult? - ANSWER-2 Liters
What lab value will dictate the total level of protein in a patient with chronic renal failure?
- ANSWER-The decreasing GFR
, Which hormone is responsible for rabsorption of sodium by the kidneys thereby
controlling blood pressure? - ANSWER-Aldosterone
In kidney disease, calcium absorption is decreased because ... - ANSWER-Decreased
active vitamin D formation
What dietary factor has the greatest effect on blood lipid levels? - ANSWER-Saturated
Fat
What is the most influential risk factor contributing to hypertension? - ANSWER-Obesity;
weight control is the most important factor in the control of hypertension.
Identify one group of foods that should be avoided on a low-sodium diet. - ANSWER-
Processed meats
Name a known vasopressor that can exacerbate hypertension. - ANSWER-Alcohol is a
proven vasopressor; low alcohol intake has been proven to decrease hypertension.
What is the primary goal of nutrition intervention for DM? - ANSWER-Normalize BG
levels
Which is more important in the control of hypertension: sodium reduction or weight
control? - ANSWER-Weight control is the most important factor
If an RD wants to know if the diet for a newly diagnosed diabetic is appropriate, she
should request what lab value from the MD? - ANSWER-The key is "newly diagnosed";
thus, one would expect elevated HgbA1C, since it reflects the last 2-4 months.
Request a serum glucose for recent changes.
Describe the normal glucose curve. - ANSWER-The curve will start out fasting, peak
within 30 min to 1 hr (140-200 mg/dL), and then return to normal in 2-3 hours
Name 3 goals for the nutritional management of the T2DM. - ANSWER-Moderate
weight loss; decreased fasting BG; reduced need for oral hypoglycemic agents.
What is the Dawn phenomenon in relation to DM? - ANSWER-An elevation of BG levels
between 4-8 a.m. when natural adrenaline begins to function; posssibly caused by
diurnal variation in growth hormone.
What is the Somogyi effect in DM? - ANSWER-Rebound hyperglycemia that can result
from excessive secretion of counter regulatory hormones in response to excessive
administration of insulin or strenuous activity.
What was the primary result of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)? -
ANSWER-Strict control of BG reduced the long-term complications of DM.
Solutions
How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-The kidneys
conserve more bicarbonate
How is the RQ calculated? - ANSWER-CO2 produced divided by O2 consumed
RQ = CO2 produced/O2 consumed
Is glutamine an essential or non-essential amino acid? - ANSWER-Non-essential AA
that can become essential in times of stress.
What is the RQ for each of the macronutrients? - ANSWER-RQ of CHO = 1.0,
RQ of a mixed diet = 0.85,
RQ of protein = 0.82,
RQ of fat = 0.7
A high CO2 and low pH indicates what condition? - ANSWER-respiratory acidosis
What type of protein has the most influence on the renal solute load (RSL)? - ANSWER-
Caseinate
What nutrients increase a patient's renal solute load (RSL)? - ANSWER-protein &
sodium
What vitamin supplement would not be recommended to a patient with ESRD? -
ANSWER-Vitamin A; the body stores excessive vitamin A in the uremic state
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate? - ANSWER-125 mL/min
A patient with chronic renal failure with a GFR of 30 mL/min would require what protein
recommendation? - ANSWER-Conservative; 0.6-0.8 g/kg bodyweight protein
Oliguria is defined as a urine output of ______. - ANSWER-Less than 500 cc/24 hours
How much water is excreted per day by the average adult? - ANSWER-2 Liters
What lab value will dictate the total level of protein in a patient with chronic renal failure?
- ANSWER-The decreasing GFR
, Which hormone is responsible for rabsorption of sodium by the kidneys thereby
controlling blood pressure? - ANSWER-Aldosterone
In kidney disease, calcium absorption is decreased because ... - ANSWER-Decreased
active vitamin D formation
What dietary factor has the greatest effect on blood lipid levels? - ANSWER-Saturated
Fat
What is the most influential risk factor contributing to hypertension? - ANSWER-Obesity;
weight control is the most important factor in the control of hypertension.
Identify one group of foods that should be avoided on a low-sodium diet. - ANSWER-
Processed meats
Name a known vasopressor that can exacerbate hypertension. - ANSWER-Alcohol is a
proven vasopressor; low alcohol intake has been proven to decrease hypertension.
What is the primary goal of nutrition intervention for DM? - ANSWER-Normalize BG
levels
Which is more important in the control of hypertension: sodium reduction or weight
control? - ANSWER-Weight control is the most important factor
If an RD wants to know if the diet for a newly diagnosed diabetic is appropriate, she
should request what lab value from the MD? - ANSWER-The key is "newly diagnosed";
thus, one would expect elevated HgbA1C, since it reflects the last 2-4 months.
Request a serum glucose for recent changes.
Describe the normal glucose curve. - ANSWER-The curve will start out fasting, peak
within 30 min to 1 hr (140-200 mg/dL), and then return to normal in 2-3 hours
Name 3 goals for the nutritional management of the T2DM. - ANSWER-Moderate
weight loss; decreased fasting BG; reduced need for oral hypoglycemic agents.
What is the Dawn phenomenon in relation to DM? - ANSWER-An elevation of BG levels
between 4-8 a.m. when natural adrenaline begins to function; posssibly caused by
diurnal variation in growth hormone.
What is the Somogyi effect in DM? - ANSWER-Rebound hyperglycemia that can result
from excessive secretion of counter regulatory hormones in response to excessive
administration of insulin or strenuous activity.
What was the primary result of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)? -
ANSWER-Strict control of BG reduced the long-term complications of DM.
