NUR 2290 Pathophysiology Final Exam with correct answers

NUR 2290 Pathophysiology Final Exam
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with correct answers
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Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔study of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



disease processes |\




Role of the Nurse - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Prevention
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of disease
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2. Early case finding
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3. Minimizing impact of illness
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4. Promoting healing andpreventing more problems
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5. Maximizing potential
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Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔development of |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



disease


Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Cause -> Effect
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Idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔no known cause
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Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase the
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chances that a certain disease will develop
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,Disease - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔abnormal functioning
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Illness - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Subjective experience
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Sub/Pre-Clinical stage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔disease is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



present but pt. is unaware
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Prodromal stage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔vague, non-
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specific


Clinical stage - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔disease is evident,
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diagnosis is clear
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Sign - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔objective , measurable
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finding


Symptom - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔what pt. is feeling
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Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a prediction of the
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outcome of a disease |\ |\ |\




Sequellae - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔permanent injury
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directly related to the disease process
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,Complications - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔new problems |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



that arise because of a disease
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autosomal dominant - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-The |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



abnormal gene is dominant. Only one gene is needed to
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express the trait. |\ |\




- There is no carrier state. You either have it or you don't
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- Heterozygotes have less severe disease than
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homozygotes.
- Signs and symptoms most often occur at a delayed age.
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Rules of Inheritance - Autosomal Dominant - CORRECT
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ANSWERS ✔✔-If you have the disease, it is most likely |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



inherited from one parent. A spontaneous mutation is
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possible, but very rare. |\ |\ |\




-There is a 50/50 or 1 in 2 chance that a child will be
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diseased with each new pregnancy. |\ |\ |\ |\




- If you do not have the disease, you can NOT pass it to
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children. No carrier state. |\ |\ |\




-Males and females are equally effected.
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Huntington's pathology - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



Etiology: defect on C4causes CAG repeats.Normal is 10-35
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times. H may be 36-120 times.
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, -Overproduction of Huntington chemical. |\ |\ |\




-Causes brain damage |\ |\




-Late onset jerky movements, wide gait, mood changes,
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dementia, death |\




autosomal recessive - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Abnormal |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



gene is recessive. Two identical abnormal genes need to
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express trait. |\




-Carrier state is common. A carrier has onerecessive gene
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but is often unaware. Hasno S & S but can pass gene to
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offspring.
-Often associated with geographical or ethnic groups due
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to culturally mediated limitation of gene pool called
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consanguineous union. |\




autosomal recessive rules - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-If a |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\



patient has the disease, they have received one gene
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from each parent. |\ |\




-Parents are often unaware that they are carriers. They
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are not ill themselves.
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-If both parents are carriers, there is a 25% or 1out of 4
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chance of each new pregnancy resulting in a diseased
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child. There is a 50% or1 out of 2 chance of a child carrier.
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-Males and females are equally effected
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