PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EXAM 3 (FINAL
EXAM)
define schizophrenia and the 4 things that are impacted by it - Correct Answers -a
debilitating disorder that significantly impacts one's perception of reality, cognitive
abilities, interpersonal relationships, and social functioning
what are two important things to remember about people who have schizophrenia -
Correct Answers --most people need medication
-most people can still live a fulfilling life with the right treatment
what are the 2 types of symptoms in schizophrenia, which usually involves worse
prognosis - Correct Answers --positive symptoms: behavioral excess (ex.hallucinations,
disorganizatoin)
-negative symptoms: behavioral deficits (ex.lacking goal direction/organization)
-usually influences prognosis, negative symptoms lead to worse prognosis
what are the 4 most typical positive symptoms of schizophrenia - Correct Answers --
delusions
-hallucinations
-disorganized speech/thought
-disorganized behavior
describe delusions (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -distortions in thought
content
-rigid thinking
-false beliefs that are hard to get beyond
-preoccupation
types:
-paranoid/persecutory: everyone is out to get you
-grandiose: special skills/power
-referential: environment has a special message to you
-thought broadcasting: everyone can read your mind
describe hallucinations (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -sensory and
perceptual delusions
-sensory experience is not real
types:
-auditory
,-tactile
-olfactory
-visual
what is the most common type of hallucination - Correct Answers -auditory
describe disorganized speech/thought (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -
distortions in thought process and incoherent communication
-base distorted thoughts on speech
types:
-tangential
-word salad: random assortment of words
-lose associations: topic a is related to topic b when there isn't a real connection
what is the difference between disorganized thought and delusions? - Correct Answers -
delusions deal with thought content while disorganized thoughts deal with thought
process
describe disorganized behavior (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers --inability
to engage in behavior to self-care, maintain safety
-irritability, childlike
-more focus on behavior rather than emotion
what are the 5 most typical negative symptoms of schizophrenia - Correct Answers --
alogia
-affective disturbance/flattening
-avolition
-anhedonia
-asociality
describe alogia - Correct Answers --loss of speech production
-talking and suddenly stop
-thought blocking: lapse in speech=lapse in thought
describe affective disturbance/flattening - Correct Answers --difficulty expressing,
feeling, and identifying emotion
-flat affect
-inappropriate affect (describing something and then laughing)
-limited range of affect (do feel something but can't express, or may not be able to
experience pleasure to the fullest)
-hard time displaying emotions
describe avolition - Correct Answers --no motivation to engage in goal-directed behavior
-no interest in daily activities
-poor hygiene
, what is the difference between avolition and disorganized behavior? - Correct Answers -
avolition focuses on the reason behind the behavior, while disorganized behavior is the
behavior itself
describe anhedonia - Correct Answers --no pleasure in activities
-decreased experience of pleasure
-withdrawal from pleasurable activities
describe asociality - Correct Answers --impaired social relationships
-often due to previous symptoms
-poor social skills and withdrawal usually result in limited social support;
what are the main biological factors of schizophrenia etiology (6) - Correct Answers --
highly heritable (not completely thought)
-involves more than 1 gene and environmental factors
-high family relation (closer, more relation, such as identical twins)
-dopamine
-white matter
-brain structures
explain the role of genes in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --genes and
hormones influence brain pathology more than the risk of disorder itself (thus it indirectly
plays a role)
-genes that influence immune functioning and neurotransmission (dopamine) have
strong effect
explain the role of dopamine in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --irregular
levels of dopamine influence different symptoms
-excess dopamine in striatum, which helps evaluate environmental cues in processing
cognitive information, influences positive symptoms
-limited dopamine in prefrontal cortex, influences negative symptoms (planning,
judgment, etc)
-hypersensitive neurotransmission
-this is also evident as people who take drugs that block dopamine have decreased
positive symptoms
explain the role of brain structures in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --
ventricles hold cerebrospinal fluid
-enlarged brain ventricles makes the other parts of the brain less effective (atrophied)
-reduced brain structures (such as hippocampus) influences learning and memory
problems
explain the role of white matter in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --white
matter is the stuff between different parts of your brain
-reduction in white matter influences working memory, which leads to cognitive
disorganization
EXAM)
define schizophrenia and the 4 things that are impacted by it - Correct Answers -a
debilitating disorder that significantly impacts one's perception of reality, cognitive
abilities, interpersonal relationships, and social functioning
what are two important things to remember about people who have schizophrenia -
Correct Answers --most people need medication
-most people can still live a fulfilling life with the right treatment
what are the 2 types of symptoms in schizophrenia, which usually involves worse
prognosis - Correct Answers --positive symptoms: behavioral excess (ex.hallucinations,
disorganizatoin)
-negative symptoms: behavioral deficits (ex.lacking goal direction/organization)
-usually influences prognosis, negative symptoms lead to worse prognosis
what are the 4 most typical positive symptoms of schizophrenia - Correct Answers --
delusions
-hallucinations
-disorganized speech/thought
-disorganized behavior
describe delusions (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -distortions in thought
content
-rigid thinking
-false beliefs that are hard to get beyond
-preoccupation
types:
-paranoid/persecutory: everyone is out to get you
-grandiose: special skills/power
-referential: environment has a special message to you
-thought broadcasting: everyone can read your mind
describe hallucinations (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -sensory and
perceptual delusions
-sensory experience is not real
types:
-auditory
,-tactile
-olfactory
-visual
what is the most common type of hallucination - Correct Answers -auditory
describe disorganized speech/thought (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers -
distortions in thought process and incoherent communication
-base distorted thoughts on speech
types:
-tangential
-word salad: random assortment of words
-lose associations: topic a is related to topic b when there isn't a real connection
what is the difference between disorganized thought and delusions? - Correct Answers -
delusions deal with thought content while disorganized thoughts deal with thought
process
describe disorganized behavior (what is it, different types) - Correct Answers --inability
to engage in behavior to self-care, maintain safety
-irritability, childlike
-more focus on behavior rather than emotion
what are the 5 most typical negative symptoms of schizophrenia - Correct Answers --
alogia
-affective disturbance/flattening
-avolition
-anhedonia
-asociality
describe alogia - Correct Answers --loss of speech production
-talking and suddenly stop
-thought blocking: lapse in speech=lapse in thought
describe affective disturbance/flattening - Correct Answers --difficulty expressing,
feeling, and identifying emotion
-flat affect
-inappropriate affect (describing something and then laughing)
-limited range of affect (do feel something but can't express, or may not be able to
experience pleasure to the fullest)
-hard time displaying emotions
describe avolition - Correct Answers --no motivation to engage in goal-directed behavior
-no interest in daily activities
-poor hygiene
, what is the difference between avolition and disorganized behavior? - Correct Answers -
avolition focuses on the reason behind the behavior, while disorganized behavior is the
behavior itself
describe anhedonia - Correct Answers --no pleasure in activities
-decreased experience of pleasure
-withdrawal from pleasurable activities
describe asociality - Correct Answers --impaired social relationships
-often due to previous symptoms
-poor social skills and withdrawal usually result in limited social support;
what are the main biological factors of schizophrenia etiology (6) - Correct Answers --
highly heritable (not completely thought)
-involves more than 1 gene and environmental factors
-high family relation (closer, more relation, such as identical twins)
-dopamine
-white matter
-brain structures
explain the role of genes in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --genes and
hormones influence brain pathology more than the risk of disorder itself (thus it indirectly
plays a role)
-genes that influence immune functioning and neurotransmission (dopamine) have
strong effect
explain the role of dopamine in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --irregular
levels of dopamine influence different symptoms
-excess dopamine in striatum, which helps evaluate environmental cues in processing
cognitive information, influences positive symptoms
-limited dopamine in prefrontal cortex, influences negative symptoms (planning,
judgment, etc)
-hypersensitive neurotransmission
-this is also evident as people who take drugs that block dopamine have decreased
positive symptoms
explain the role of brain structures in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --
ventricles hold cerebrospinal fluid
-enlarged brain ventricles makes the other parts of the brain less effective (atrophied)
-reduced brain structures (such as hippocampus) influences learning and memory
problems
explain the role of white matter in schizophrenia etiology - Correct Answers --white
matter is the stuff between different parts of your brain
-reduction in white matter influences working memory, which leads to cognitive
disorganization
