ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
EXAM GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
3 major phases of cell division: ANS >>> Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: ANS >>> First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: ANS >>> Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
,Telophase
Innate immunity: ANS >>> Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: ANS >>> Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations ANS >>> Variations in the nucleotide sequence
of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: ANS >>> Cure
Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy ANS >>> Treatment is given prior to
surgery to shrink the tumour
Define adjuvant therapy ANS >>> Additional cancer treatment
given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the
cancer reoccurs
Define conditioning/preparative therapy ANS >>> Treatments used
to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: ANS >>> Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density ANS >>> Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity ANS >>> Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? ANS >>> By
comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the
planned dose of the standard regimen
, How do alkylating agents work? ANS >>> By causing a break in the
DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing
cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: ANS >>> 1. Nitrogen
mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: ANS >>> Nitrogen
mustards
Common alkylating agents: ANS >>> Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Isocyanide (Ife)
Bandmaster (Terada)
Common platinum-based agents: ANS >>> Cisplatin (Platini)
Carboplatin (Para platin)
EXAM GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS.
3 major phases of cell division: ANS >>> Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: ANS >>> First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: ANS >>> Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
,Telophase
Innate immunity: ANS >>> Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: ANS >>> Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations ANS >>> Variations in the nucleotide sequence
of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: ANS >>> Cure
Control
Palliation
,Define neoadjuvant therapy ANS >>> Treatment is given prior to
surgery to shrink the tumour
Define adjuvant therapy ANS >>> Additional cancer treatment
given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the
cancer reoccurs
Define conditioning/preparative therapy ANS >>> Treatments used
to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: ANS >>> Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density ANS >>> Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity ANS >>> Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? ANS >>> By
comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the
planned dose of the standard regimen
, How do alkylating agents work? ANS >>> By causing a break in the
DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing
cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: ANS >>> 1. Nitrogen
mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still
termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: ANS >>> Nitrogen
mustards
Common alkylating agents: ANS >>> Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Isocyanide (Ife)
Bandmaster (Terada)
Common platinum-based agents: ANS >>> Cisplatin (Platini)
Carboplatin (Para platin)
