LSU BIO 1201 FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ anything that takes up space and has mass. Answer: matter
◉ a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical reactions
example: hydrogen. Answer: element
◉ a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
example: water (H2O). Answer: compound
◉ the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an
element. Answer: atom
◉ atoms are composed of subatomic particles. list the subatomic
particles and their charges. Answer: neutron (no charge), proton
(positive charge), electron (negative charge)
,◉ neutrons and protons form the ____________. Answer: atomic
nucleus
◉ neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured
in ____________. Answer: daltons
◉ the number of protons in an element's nucleus. Answer: atomic
number
◉ the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an element.
Answer: mass number
◉ the atom's total mass, can be approximated by the mass number.
Answer: atomic mass
◉ two atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons.
Answer: isotope
◉ isotopes that decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
Answer: radioactive isotopes
◉ an electron's state of potential energy is called its _________.
Answer: energy level/electron shell
,1st shell max: 2 electrons
2nd shell max: 8 electrons
3rd shell max: 8 electrons
◉ when electrons move from a lower energy level to a higher energy
level, energy is _________. Answer: absorbed
◉ when electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy
level, energy is ________. Answer: lost
◉ electrons located in the outermost, or valence shell; chemical behavior
of the atom is determined by these electrons. Answer: valence electrons
◉ electrons with a full valence shell are ____________. Answer:
chemically inert
◉ atoms with __________ valence shells can share or transfer valence
electrons with certain other atoms. Answer: incomplete
◉ attractions that hold atoms close together. Answer: chemical bonds
, ◉ the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms; the shared
electrons count as a part of each atom's valence shell
example: H2 hydrogen molecule. Answer: covalent bond
◉ consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
example: water (H2O)
2 hydrogen atoms + 1oxygen atom. Answer: molecule
◉ the sharing of one pair of valence electrons. Answer: single covalent
bond
◉ the sharing of two pairs of electrons. Answer: double covalent bond
◉ the notation used to represent atoms and bonding. Answer: structural
formula
◉ another name for an atom's bonding capacity. Answer: valence
◉ a combination of two or more different elements. Answer: compound
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ anything that takes up space and has mass. Answer: matter
◉ a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical reactions
example: hydrogen. Answer: element
◉ a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
example: water (H2O). Answer: compound
◉ the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an
element. Answer: atom
◉ atoms are composed of subatomic particles. list the subatomic
particles and their charges. Answer: neutron (no charge), proton
(positive charge), electron (negative charge)
,◉ neutrons and protons form the ____________. Answer: atomic
nucleus
◉ neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured
in ____________. Answer: daltons
◉ the number of protons in an element's nucleus. Answer: atomic
number
◉ the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an element.
Answer: mass number
◉ the atom's total mass, can be approximated by the mass number.
Answer: atomic mass
◉ two atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons.
Answer: isotope
◉ isotopes that decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
Answer: radioactive isotopes
◉ an electron's state of potential energy is called its _________.
Answer: energy level/electron shell
,1st shell max: 2 electrons
2nd shell max: 8 electrons
3rd shell max: 8 electrons
◉ when electrons move from a lower energy level to a higher energy
level, energy is _________. Answer: absorbed
◉ when electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy
level, energy is ________. Answer: lost
◉ electrons located in the outermost, or valence shell; chemical behavior
of the atom is determined by these electrons. Answer: valence electrons
◉ electrons with a full valence shell are ____________. Answer:
chemically inert
◉ atoms with __________ valence shells can share or transfer valence
electrons with certain other atoms. Answer: incomplete
◉ attractions that hold atoms close together. Answer: chemical bonds
, ◉ the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms; the shared
electrons count as a part of each atom's valence shell
example: H2 hydrogen molecule. Answer: covalent bond
◉ consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
example: water (H2O)
2 hydrogen atoms + 1oxygen atom. Answer: molecule
◉ the sharing of one pair of valence electrons. Answer: single covalent
bond
◉ the sharing of two pairs of electrons. Answer: double covalent bond
◉ the notation used to represent atoms and bonding. Answer: structural
formula
◉ another name for an atom's bonding capacity. Answer: valence
◉ a combination of two or more different elements. Answer: compound
