NUR 356 Nursing Theory Exam 1
study
Communication Learning Outcomes (7) - answer
Nightingale's Theory - answer Environment was the focus of nursing care. Focus of
nursing is caring through environment and helping the patient deal with symptoms and
changes in function related to an illness.
Manipulates patient's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light,
comfort, socialization, and hope.
Peplau's Theory - answer Develop interaction between nurse and patient(interpersonal
relationship between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Nurse-client relationship is foundation of nursing practice
Phases of interpersonal relationships:
-orientation
-working phase
-termination phase
Henderson's Theory - answerhelp patient perform 14 basic needs through physiological,
psychological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental domains
Orem's theory - answerthe goal of nursing is to increase the patients ability to
independently meed these needs; care for and help patient attain total self care; nursing
care is necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological,
developmental, or social needs.
Leininger's Theory - answerTranscultural nursing focuses on the analyses of different
cultures in the world regarding their caring behavior, nursing care, health-illness values,
with the goal of developing a scientific and humanistic body of knowledge from which to
derive culture-specific and culture universal nursing care practices.
Neuman's Theory - answerBased on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
Roy's Theory - answergoal is to help the patient adapt
4 adaptive modes- physiological needs, self-concepts, role function, interdependence
,Watson's Theory - answerThe purpose of nursing action is to understand the
interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior.
Watson's theory of transpersonal caring
Benner and Wrubel - answercaring is central to essence of nursin
Nursing theory - answerUsed to:
1) Describe
2) Predict and
3) Control phenomenon.
Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices.
"Theory-based nursing care helps ensure consistency and constancy of professional
nursing practice across clinical settings"
Nursing theory development - answerScholarly inquiry.
Nurse leaders:
1) Henderson, Rogers, Watson, Peplau
Linked to evidenced-based practice
Nursing Knowledge - answerLinked to other disciplines
Paradigm
Nursing Paradigm - answerThe elements of the nursing paradigm direct the activity of
the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, research, and practice.
Nursing Metaparadigm - answerNursing worldview that distinguishes the nursing
profession from other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics.
The four key concepts:
1) Person,
2) environment,
3) health and
4) nursing
, ...are foundations for all nursing theories.
Hildegard Peplau - answerTheory of interpersonal relationships
Described nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
Defined the developmental phases of relationship.
Sigmund Freud - answerValue of talking about painful experiences.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and
personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Erik Erickson - answerPsychosocial development
A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people face pass through 8 social
development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an outcome that
affects a persons social and personality development.
Abraham Maslow - answerProgressive stages of personal growth.
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an
individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence.
Manslow's Hierarchy of Needs - answerPhysiological needs: Physical needs:
food/water/shelter/clothing
Security Needs: basic social security in a family/society that protects against violence.
Love and belonging needs: Need to belong, receive and give love, appreciation,
friendship.
Esteem Need: The need to be a unique individual with self-respect and to enjoy general
esteem from others.
Experience purpose needs: Meaning and realising all inner potentials.
The need for self actualization: reaching toward the best person we can be, realizing
our true intellectual and emotional potential
Relate Manlow's framework to the interview process - answerHelps to Priorities
Interventions (Meet people where they are.)
Functions of Communication - answerSend & Receive Messages
study
Communication Learning Outcomes (7) - answer
Nightingale's Theory - answer Environment was the focus of nursing care. Focus of
nursing is caring through environment and helping the patient deal with symptoms and
changes in function related to an illness.
Manipulates patient's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light,
comfort, socialization, and hope.
Peplau's Theory - answer Develop interaction between nurse and patient(interpersonal
relationship between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Nurse-client relationship is foundation of nursing practice
Phases of interpersonal relationships:
-orientation
-working phase
-termination phase
Henderson's Theory - answerhelp patient perform 14 basic needs through physiological,
psychological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental domains
Orem's theory - answerthe goal of nursing is to increase the patients ability to
independently meed these needs; care for and help patient attain total self care; nursing
care is necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological,
developmental, or social needs.
Leininger's Theory - answerTranscultural nursing focuses on the analyses of different
cultures in the world regarding their caring behavior, nursing care, health-illness values,
with the goal of developing a scientific and humanistic body of knowledge from which to
derive culture-specific and culture universal nursing care practices.
Neuman's Theory - answerBased on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
Roy's Theory - answergoal is to help the patient adapt
4 adaptive modes- physiological needs, self-concepts, role function, interdependence
,Watson's Theory - answerThe purpose of nursing action is to understand the
interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior.
Watson's theory of transpersonal caring
Benner and Wrubel - answercaring is central to essence of nursin
Nursing theory - answerUsed to:
1) Describe
2) Predict and
3) Control phenomenon.
Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices.
"Theory-based nursing care helps ensure consistency and constancy of professional
nursing practice across clinical settings"
Nursing theory development - answerScholarly inquiry.
Nurse leaders:
1) Henderson, Rogers, Watson, Peplau
Linked to evidenced-based practice
Nursing Knowledge - answerLinked to other disciplines
Paradigm
Nursing Paradigm - answerThe elements of the nursing paradigm direct the activity of
the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, research, and practice.
Nursing Metaparadigm - answerNursing worldview that distinguishes the nursing
profession from other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics.
The four key concepts:
1) Person,
2) environment,
3) health and
4) nursing
, ...are foundations for all nursing theories.
Hildegard Peplau - answerTheory of interpersonal relationships
Described nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
Defined the developmental phases of relationship.
Sigmund Freud - answerValue of talking about painful experiences.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and
personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Erik Erickson - answerPsychosocial development
A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people face pass through 8 social
development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an outcome that
affects a persons social and personality development.
Abraham Maslow - answerProgressive stages of personal growth.
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an
individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence.
Manslow's Hierarchy of Needs - answerPhysiological needs: Physical needs:
food/water/shelter/clothing
Security Needs: basic social security in a family/society that protects against violence.
Love and belonging needs: Need to belong, receive and give love, appreciation,
friendship.
Esteem Need: The need to be a unique individual with self-respect and to enjoy general
esteem from others.
Experience purpose needs: Meaning and realising all inner potentials.
The need for self actualization: reaching toward the best person we can be, realizing
our true intellectual and emotional potential
Relate Manlow's framework to the interview process - answerHelps to Priorities
Interventions (Meet people where they are.)
Functions of Communication - answerSend & Receive Messages
