NUTR 280 Exam 1 – Theimer (2026)
Complete 100 Questions & Correct
Detailed Answers ✔️✔️
1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?
A. Build hormones
B. Provide immediate energy
C. Form cell membranes
D. Regulate pH
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred and fastest energy source, especially for
the brain and red blood cells.
2. Which nutrient provides the highest calories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Vitamins
Explanation: Fat yields 9 kcal/g, more than proteins or carbs at 4 kcal/g.
3. Which organ is the major site of nutrient absorption?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Liver
Explanation: The small intestine contains villi and microvilli for maximal nutrient absorption.
4. What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?
,A. 10–20%
B. 20–30%
C. 45–65%
D. 70–90%
Explanation: The AMDR recommends 45–65% of daily calories from carbohydrates.
5. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Explanation: Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells, reducing blood sugar.
6. A food with a high glycemic index will:
A. Digest slowly
B. Raise blood glucose rapidly
C. Provide few calories
D. Reduce insulin needs
Explanation: High-GI foods spike glucose quickly.
7. Which nutrient is essential but does NOT provide energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Water
C. Fat
D. Protein
Explanation: Water is essential for life but contains no calories.
8. The primary storage form of carbohydrate in humans is:
A. Fatty acids
B. Glycogen
C. Glucose
,D. Fiber
Explanation: Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver.
9. Which dietary guideline focuses on nutrient density?
A. MyPlate
B. DASH
C. Keto
D. Atkins
Explanation: MyPlate emphasizes nutrient-dense food groups for balanced eating.
10. Which is considered an essential nutrient?
A. Cholesterol
B. Vitamin C
C. Glucose
D. Creatine
Explanation: The body cannot synthesize vitamin C, so it must be consumed.
11. Which organ produces bile?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Gallbladder
Explanation: The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder.
12. What is the main function of bile?
A. Protein breakdown
B. Carbohydrate digestion
C. Fat emulsification
D. Vitamin absorption
Explanation: Bile breaks fat into smaller droplets for enzyme action.
, 13. Which nutrient promotes tissue growth and repair?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Minerals
Explanation: Proteins supply amino acids for tissue building.
14. What enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Salivary amylase
D. Trypsin
Explanation: Amylase in saliva starts starch breakdown.
15. Which part of the GI tract has most digestive enzymes?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus
16. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
17. How many kcal per gram do proteins provide?
A. 9
B. 7
C. 4
D. 2
Complete 100 Questions & Correct
Detailed Answers ✔️✔️
1. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?
A. Build hormones
B. Provide immediate energy
C. Form cell membranes
D. Regulate pH
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred and fastest energy source, especially for
the brain and red blood cells.
2. Which nutrient provides the highest calories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Vitamins
Explanation: Fat yields 9 kcal/g, more than proteins or carbs at 4 kcal/g.
3. Which organ is the major site of nutrient absorption?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Liver
Explanation: The small intestine contains villi and microvilli for maximal nutrient absorption.
4. What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?
,A. 10–20%
B. 20–30%
C. 45–65%
D. 70–90%
Explanation: The AMDR recommends 45–65% of daily calories from carbohydrates.
5. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
Explanation: Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells, reducing blood sugar.
6. A food with a high glycemic index will:
A. Digest slowly
B. Raise blood glucose rapidly
C. Provide few calories
D. Reduce insulin needs
Explanation: High-GI foods spike glucose quickly.
7. Which nutrient is essential but does NOT provide energy?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Water
C. Fat
D. Protein
Explanation: Water is essential for life but contains no calories.
8. The primary storage form of carbohydrate in humans is:
A. Fatty acids
B. Glycogen
C. Glucose
,D. Fiber
Explanation: Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver.
9. Which dietary guideline focuses on nutrient density?
A. MyPlate
B. DASH
C. Keto
D. Atkins
Explanation: MyPlate emphasizes nutrient-dense food groups for balanced eating.
10. Which is considered an essential nutrient?
A. Cholesterol
B. Vitamin C
C. Glucose
D. Creatine
Explanation: The body cannot synthesize vitamin C, so it must be consumed.
11. Which organ produces bile?
A. Stomach
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Gallbladder
Explanation: The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder.
12. What is the main function of bile?
A. Protein breakdown
B. Carbohydrate digestion
C. Fat emulsification
D. Vitamin absorption
Explanation: Bile breaks fat into smaller droplets for enzyme action.
, 13. Which nutrient promotes tissue growth and repair?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Minerals
Explanation: Proteins supply amino acids for tissue building.
14. What enzyme begins carbohydrate digestion?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Salivary amylase
D. Trypsin
Explanation: Amylase in saliva starts starch breakdown.
15. Which part of the GI tract has most digestive enzymes?
A. Stomach
B. Large intestine
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus
16. Which vitamin is fat-soluble?
A. Vitamin B6
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
17. How many kcal per gram do proteins provide?
A. 9
B. 7
C. 4
D. 2
