POB SHADWICK EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS
What is known about the evolution of the first Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWERThe first
eukaryotic cell is thought to have arisen from a prokaryotic cell around 1.7 billion years
ago. According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria may have resulted when a
nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria, and chloroplasts may have originated when a
nucleated cell with mitochondria engulfed cyanobacteria
-presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Also, eukaryotic
cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles in the
cytoplasm.
What are the general characteristics of a protist? - ANSWER-have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
-are single-celled (some are multicellular like seaweed)
-protists are all eukaryotic organisms that are neither animals, nor plants, nor fungi
-
What are ways protists can obtain food? - ANSWER-Some protists are plant-like and
photosynthesize.
-Some protists absorb nutrients from decaying matter like a fungus.
-Some protists hunt their food or act as parasites.
What are ways protists obtain energy? - ANSWER
How do protists reproduce? - ANSWERProtists reproduce sexually and asexually.
Asexual reproduction by mitosis is the norm in protists. Sexual reproduction generally
occurs only when environmental conditions are unfavorable. Protists can form spores or
cysts, which are dormant phases of the protist life cycle, that can survive until favorable
conditions return. Parasitic protists form cysts for the transfer to a new host.
What are the protist supergroups? - ANSWER
What are Archaeplastids? - ANSWERinclude land plants and other photosynthetic
organisms, such as green and red algae, that have chloroplasts (also called plastids)
derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
What are Chromalveolates? - ANSWERrepresent a very large, diverse group of
protistans. Members of this group are typically photosynthetic, but have a different
evolutionary lineage from the green and red algae.
What are Excavates? - ANSWERhave atypical or absent mitochondria and distinctive
flagella and/or deep (excavated) oral grooves. They are sometimes referred to as
flagellates due to the fact that they propel themselves using one or more flagella.
& ANSWERS
What is known about the evolution of the first Eukaryotic cells? - ANSWERThe first
eukaryotic cell is thought to have arisen from a prokaryotic cell around 1.7 billion years
ago. According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria may have resulted when a
nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria, and chloroplasts may have originated when a
nucleated cell with mitochondria engulfed cyanobacteria
-presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane. Also, eukaryotic
cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles in the
cytoplasm.
What are the general characteristics of a protist? - ANSWER-have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
-are single-celled (some are multicellular like seaweed)
-protists are all eukaryotic organisms that are neither animals, nor plants, nor fungi
-
What are ways protists can obtain food? - ANSWER-Some protists are plant-like and
photosynthesize.
-Some protists absorb nutrients from decaying matter like a fungus.
-Some protists hunt their food or act as parasites.
What are ways protists obtain energy? - ANSWER
How do protists reproduce? - ANSWERProtists reproduce sexually and asexually.
Asexual reproduction by mitosis is the norm in protists. Sexual reproduction generally
occurs only when environmental conditions are unfavorable. Protists can form spores or
cysts, which are dormant phases of the protist life cycle, that can survive until favorable
conditions return. Parasitic protists form cysts for the transfer to a new host.
What are the protist supergroups? - ANSWER
What are Archaeplastids? - ANSWERinclude land plants and other photosynthetic
organisms, such as green and red algae, that have chloroplasts (also called plastids)
derived from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
What are Chromalveolates? - ANSWERrepresent a very large, diverse group of
protistans. Members of this group are typically photosynthetic, but have a different
evolutionary lineage from the green and red algae.
What are Excavates? - ANSWERhave atypical or absent mitochondria and distinctive
flagella and/or deep (excavated) oral grooves. They are sometimes referred to as
flagellates due to the fact that they propel themselves using one or more flagella.
