POB TEST 2 SHADWICK QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS
Carbon Dioxide and Water Entropy - ANSWERLess organized, less potential energy,
more stable
Metabolism - ANSWERSum of all chemical reactions in a cell
Catabolism - ANSWERBreaking down molecules
Anabolism - ANSWERBuilding molecules
Exergonic reactions - ANSWEREnergy release, products have less free energy than
reactants
Endergonic reactions - ANSWERRequires input of energy, products have more free
energy than reactants
Coupled Reactions - ANSWERReaction that takes energy from one place and puts it
somewhere else
Energy of Activaton (EA) - ANSWEREnergy but added to cause reaction (ex. need
match to start wood burning)
Active site - ANSWERsmall part of enzymes that complexes with the substrate
Substrate Concentration - ANSWERmore collisions between substrate and enzyme,
more active sites filled with substrate= more product
Temperature and pH - ANSWERWhen temperature increases, enzyme activity
increases
Each enzyme has an optimal pH - extremes of temperature and pH can denature
enzyme
Feedback inhibition - ANSWERproduct binds to active site or other site that changes the
shape of active site (ex. poisons, cyanide on plants)
Coenzymes - ANSWERorganic non-protein cofactors
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) - ANSWERStudy the detailed external
architecture of cell surfaces - black and white pictures
, Transition electron microscopes (TEMs) - ANSWERStudy the details of internal cell
structure
Structures all cells have in common - ANSWERPlasma Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA,
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER"Boundary and Gatekeeper"
Lysosome - ANSWERContains enzymes to digest good or damaged organelles
Plant and animal cells both have what structure? - ANSWERa mitochondria
Cytoskeleton - ANSWERNetwork of protein fibers that organizes the structures and
activities of the cell
Actin Filaments - ANSWERtwo long thin chains twisted I helix that provides structure as
a dense web under plasma membrane, PROVIDES MOVEMENT FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION, and form projections in intestinal cells as microvilli.
Intermediate Filaments - ANSWERSupports nuclear envelope, strengthens human hair,
and helps form cell-to-cell junctions.
Microtubules - ANSWERHollow cylinders of tubular protein that helps maintain cell
shape, form spindle apparatus during cell division, and interacts with motor molecules
kinesis and dyne to cause movement of organelles
Cilia and Flagella - ANSWERHairlike projections that aid in cell movement
Endosymbiotic Theory - ANSWERMitochondria and chloroplasts derived from
prokaryotes that were taken up by a larger cell. After entering the host cell, the bacteria
and host began living together cooperatively
Diabetes - ANSWERHigh blood sugar (glucose) levels over a long period. Symptoms:
frequent urination, increased thirst, higher hunger.
How does Glucose get to the membrane of an intestine cell? - ANSWERDiffusion
Osmosis - ANSWERdiffusion of water across membrane
Whats the problem with having too much glucose in your blood? - ANSWEROsmosis
and osmotic pressure
Animal cells - ANSWERiv drip has to be saline or else the red blood cells will explode
Plant cells - ANSWERcan have direct water because cell wall absorbs it
& ANSWERS
Carbon Dioxide and Water Entropy - ANSWERLess organized, less potential energy,
more stable
Metabolism - ANSWERSum of all chemical reactions in a cell
Catabolism - ANSWERBreaking down molecules
Anabolism - ANSWERBuilding molecules
Exergonic reactions - ANSWEREnergy release, products have less free energy than
reactants
Endergonic reactions - ANSWERRequires input of energy, products have more free
energy than reactants
Coupled Reactions - ANSWERReaction that takes energy from one place and puts it
somewhere else
Energy of Activaton (EA) - ANSWEREnergy but added to cause reaction (ex. need
match to start wood burning)
Active site - ANSWERsmall part of enzymes that complexes with the substrate
Substrate Concentration - ANSWERmore collisions between substrate and enzyme,
more active sites filled with substrate= more product
Temperature and pH - ANSWERWhen temperature increases, enzyme activity
increases
Each enzyme has an optimal pH - extremes of temperature and pH can denature
enzyme
Feedback inhibition - ANSWERproduct binds to active site or other site that changes the
shape of active site (ex. poisons, cyanide on plants)
Coenzymes - ANSWERorganic non-protein cofactors
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) - ANSWERStudy the detailed external
architecture of cell surfaces - black and white pictures
, Transition electron microscopes (TEMs) - ANSWERStudy the details of internal cell
structure
Structures all cells have in common - ANSWERPlasma Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA,
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER"Boundary and Gatekeeper"
Lysosome - ANSWERContains enzymes to digest good or damaged organelles
Plant and animal cells both have what structure? - ANSWERa mitochondria
Cytoskeleton - ANSWERNetwork of protein fibers that organizes the structures and
activities of the cell
Actin Filaments - ANSWERtwo long thin chains twisted I helix that provides structure as
a dense web under plasma membrane, PROVIDES MOVEMENT FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION, and form projections in intestinal cells as microvilli.
Intermediate Filaments - ANSWERSupports nuclear envelope, strengthens human hair,
and helps form cell-to-cell junctions.
Microtubules - ANSWERHollow cylinders of tubular protein that helps maintain cell
shape, form spindle apparatus during cell division, and interacts with motor molecules
kinesis and dyne to cause movement of organelles
Cilia and Flagella - ANSWERHairlike projections that aid in cell movement
Endosymbiotic Theory - ANSWERMitochondria and chloroplasts derived from
prokaryotes that were taken up by a larger cell. After entering the host cell, the bacteria
and host began living together cooperatively
Diabetes - ANSWERHigh blood sugar (glucose) levels over a long period. Symptoms:
frequent urination, increased thirst, higher hunger.
How does Glucose get to the membrane of an intestine cell? - ANSWERDiffusion
Osmosis - ANSWERdiffusion of water across membrane
Whats the problem with having too much glucose in your blood? - ANSWEROsmosis
and osmotic pressure
Animal cells - ANSWERiv drip has to be saline or else the red blood cells will explode
Plant cells - ANSWERcan have direct water because cell wall absorbs it
