History of Rock and Roll exam 1 prep questions and correct answers with rationales.

The roots of rock and roll - correct answers run deep in folk and popular music of the 20th century, draws from jazz, gospel, blues, blue grass, country, 1920s' radio, R&B. It just kind of happened once cultures joined. Indi radio companies helped spread it. The first rock and roll albums came out around 1950ish but rock and roll started before the albums came out. In 1945 after the WWII the country was in a good place for rock and roll Country Western - correct answers Bill Monroe: "The Father of Blue Grass" Western Swing - correct answers Bob Wills and His Texas Play Boys: "The King of Western Swing" first to use drums and amps Rural Blues - correct answers Robert Johnson: "King of Mississippi Delta Blues" important guitar player "sold his soul to the devil" for his talent died at the age of 27 his song was "Crossroad Blues" Boogie-Woogie Piano - correct answersPete Johnson: one of the great piano players Jazz, Swing Era, Big Band - correct answersLionel Hampton: up beat music Cab Calloway: Jazz singer, band leader, scat Classic Blues - correct answersBessie Smith: biggest name of the 1920s', Janis Joplin was influenced by her Gospel Music - correct answersThomas Dorsey: "The Father of Gospel Music" Rock and Roll - correct answers(another name for Rhyme/Blues) Country/Western Blue Grass Boogie-Woogie Rural/Classic Blues Gospel Jazz/Swing Popular Songs First Rock and Roll Record - correct answersRocket 88: Jackie Brenton and Ike Turner 1951 Rocket 88 - correct answersBy Jackie Brenton and Ike Turner Turner was the pianist/guitarist, from the Mississippi Delta. in the style of the Jump Bands from the coast (Louis Jordan). Boogie-woogie beat. song about a car (influenced Chuck Berry, The Beach Boys). Swing, Jazzy. Sixty Minute Man - correct answersBy Billy Ward and His Dominos 1951. First R&B hit to crossover to pop charts. First double-entendre to hit the pop charts. First million seller by a formative R&B vocal group. Double-entendre have been around since the 40s'. Sung in pool halls and rent parties (people would throw parties with live music and charge people to come and listen when they needed rent money). First to sell a million and flaunt it. Hound Dog - correct answersWritten by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for Big Mama Thornton 1953. Country, blues, rich with gospel. Voice is alive and vivid. Precedes Elvis' recording. Major influence for Janic Joplin. Rock Around the Clock - correct answersBilly Haley and the Comets. Most people think its the first Rock and Roll song, but its not. First to go to #1 on Billboard pop charts. It punctured a hole in the smug of conformity of 1950s'. Sound track of the movie Blackboard Jungle. First important white rock song. Joe Turner - correct answersVocalist/saxophonist. Innovator of the Jump Band. Group known as The Tympani Five Athletic choreography (jump) in horn line. Influenced Haley, Berry, BB King Music appealed to both black and white. Jump Band grew out of swing. T Bone Walker - correct answersGuitarist/Vocalists. First to popularize the electric guitar in R&B. First to realize the instruments dramatic potential. At age 14 dancer/singer in medicine shows. Influenced Chuck Berry and Jimi Hendrix. Worked with Cab Calloway. Muddy Waters - correct answersReally Important. Formal name McKinley Morganfield. Originator of Chicago Blues sound. All instruments electrified (wailing harmonica). Played a major influence on many rock bands (especially British). Influenced Eric Clapton, John Mayall, Mick Jagger, and many more. AM Radio-Disc Jockeys - correct answersR&B stations for black audiences, but white young teens also listened. Callers could not tell color. Powerful stations reached all over US. Ignored mainstream white major labels. Played small independent labels. Encouraged by fan mail. Nat D Williams - correct answersFirst black dics Jockey. Know as "Jackie Robinson" William "Hoss" Allen, John R. Richbourg, Gere Hobbes, Herman Grizzard - correct answersKnown as "The 50,000 Watt Quartet". White dics jockey of WLAC (Nashville). New Orleans - correct answersMajor contributor to crossover R&B music. Boogie-woogie piano mixed with the second line bass groove (Latin overtones). Segregation (black and white bars). 2 separate jukeboxes. Played each others music. Black interested in country/ whites interested in R&B. Emphasis on piano, bass, and saxophone. Bass lines derived from cultural mix of New Orleans populations. Caribbean/latin American culture. Second line drumming from New Orlean marching bands. Piano revived from barrelhouse style jazz, R&B, and ragtime. Cosimo Matassa - correct answersOwner of J and M Recording Studio. Only studio in New Orleans. Great R&B/R&R recordings were made there during 40s'-60s'. J and M recorded "live in the studio" approach without gimmicks. Dave Bartholomew - correct answersBandleader and top-notch musician in New Orleans. Played a crucial role in the development of R&R in New Orleans. Formed the core group of studio musicians at J&M studio. Collaborations with Fats Domino. Excellent arranger/song writer. Fats Dominos - correct answersAmbassador of the New Orleans sound. Discovered by Dave Bartholomew in 1949. Combined country with R&B. Had a twang in his voice which suggested country. Music was simple/easy to remember. Offered white kids an easy first step into the world of black music. Music was non-threatening. "Blueberry Hill" 1956. Sold 30 million in 1950s' alone. Unthreatening image avoided suspicion/outrage. Ranked behind only Elvis and Pat Boone in consistent record sales in 1950s'. Little Richard (Richard Penniman) - correct answersDirect opposite to the music of Fats Domino. Originally from Macon, Georgia. Grew up in the church with gospel music. His voice is equivalent to the powerful black gospel groups of the 40s'. Total extravert ( the Bronze Liberace). Wanted to be the best at what he does. Has written some of rocks landmark songs. Showed what R&R could be if you take it all the way. Liberation through energy/audacity. Little Richard broke the conventions of R&B while Jerry Lee Lewis changed country music. Pat Boone - correct answersThe "King of Covers" Chicago - correct answersPromised land for migrating black from the south around WWII. Exodus included many bluesmen from Mississippi Delta. Delta blues became amplified in Chicago. Area south of Chicago was known as little Mississippi. Chess Records began in the late 40s' by Leonard and Phil Chess. Polish born immigrants. Chess was the most stable of the Chicago blues labels. Transplanted southern most included the following: Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Willie Dixon, Sonny Boy Williamson. Chess Brothers realized blues needed to break into pop charts. Bo Diddley - correct answersBorn December 30 1928, Died June 2, 2008. Real name Otha Ellis Bates. AKA Ellis McDaniel (song writing credit). Moved to Chicago in 1934. Nicknamed by schoolmates Bo Diddley (the southern instrument the diddley-bow). Instruments: guitar, violin, trombone. Self taught using open tuning guitar. Mid 50s' played south side of Chicago. Frank kirkland, drums/Jerome Green, Maracas. Green was his sidekick and alter ego. The Bo Diddley Beat. Known for the distinctive rhythm pattern called "The Bo Diddley Beat". Traced back to the "hambone" beat and the "ring shout" of slavery. Bing band era called it the "shave and a haircut- two bits"beat. Has a latin feel. Primary inspiration for many rock tunes. Songs: Bo Diddley 1955, I'm a Man 1955. Chuck Berry - correct answersBorn October 18th 1926 St Louis Mo. Run ins with the law in his youth. Was a hair dresser (brief employment). Gained a reputation as a guitarist around St Louis. Played with Sir John's Trio early 50s'. Influenced by John Johnson (pianist). House band at the Cosmopolitan Club in east St. Louis. Changed to Chuck Berry combo due to popularity. Group played blues/ Nat King Cole ballads. Joking "hillbilly" songs become the crowd pleasers.