2025|2026 MIC 220 Biology of Microorganisms PRACTICE EXAM 175 Arizona State University

2025|2026 MIC 220 Biology of Microorganisms PRACTICE EXAM 175 Arizona State University 1. Which structure regulates the movement of substances into and out of a bacterial cell? A) Ribosome B) Cell wall C) Plasma membrane D) Capsule 2. In glycolysis, which molecule is the final product? A) Glucose B) Acetyl-CoA C) Pyruvate D) Lactate 3. The Krebs cycle occurs in which part of eukaryotic cells? A) Cytoplasm B) Mitochondrial matrix C) Nucleus D) Endoplasmic reticulum 4. During fermentation, NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺ primarily to: A) Produce CO₂ B) Allow glycolysis to continue C) Generate oxygen D) Form acetyl-CoA 5. The main function of the electron transport chain is to: A) Produce NADH B) Generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation C) Break down glucose D) Convert pyruvate to lactate 6. Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle? A) ATP (or GTP) B) NADH C) CO₂ D) Glucose 7. In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain occurs in the: A) Cytoplasm B) Plasma membrane C) Nucleus D) Ribosomes 8. Which enzyme copies DNA into RNA? A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase C) Helicase D) Ligase 9. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome? A) rRNA B) tRNA C) mRNA D) snRNA 10. What is the role of the ribosome? A) Replicates DNA B) Synthesizes proteins C) Modifies lipids D) Stores genetic material 11. Which type of mutation results in a premature stop codon? A) Silent B) Missense C) Nonsense D) Frameshift 12. What component of bacterial cell walls is targeted by penicillin? A) Peptidoglycan B) Lipopolysaccharide C) Capsule D) Teichoic acid 13. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per glucose? A) Fermentation B) Glycolysis C) Aerobic respiration D) Anaerobic respiration 14. The term “amphibolic” refers to a pathway that: A) Functions only catabolically B) Functions only anabolically C) Functions both catabolically and anabolically D) Produces amino acids only 15. Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? A) CO₂ B) Oxygen C) Nitrate D) Sulfate 16. The proton motive force drives: A) DNA synthesis B) ATP synthase C) Protein folding D) RNA transcription 17. What structure allows bacteria to attach to surfaces? A) Capsule B) Pili C) Flagella D) Endospore 18. Bacteria that grow best in the presence of oxygen but can survive without it are: A) Obligate aerobes B) Facultative anaerobes C) Obligate anaerobes D) Microaerophiles 19. The bacterial chromosome is located in the: A) Nucleus B) Nucleoid C) Ribosome D) Cytoplasmic membrane 20. The process of converting nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) is called: A) Nitrification B) Denitrification