BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.




Biological Psychology - ANS - Understanding psychology by examining physiological,
anatomical and genetic processes



Neuropsychology - ANS - Understanding how the brain and nervous system impact on
cognition and behaviour

- Looks at when there has been damage to the brain (injury, surgery, disease, stroke, and
tumours)



Cognitive Neuroscience - ANS - Understanding how complex mental phenomena (perception,
memory, language, emotion) are implemented in the brain

- Using technological advancements (fMRI, EEG, brain stimulation using TMS, anechoic
chambers, eye trackers, cranial psychometric testing) to study the relationship between brain
activity and cognition in humans, other animals, and robotics



Nervous System Division - ANS - Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System



Central Nervous System Components - ANS - Brain


1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.

,- Spinal Cord



Peripheral Nervous System Components - ANS - All other nerves



Peripheral Nervous System Pathways - ANS - Motor Pathway- CNS to brain

- Sensory Pathway- sensory information to brain



Protection of the Brain - ANS - Skull

- Meninges

- Cerebrospinal fluid

- Blood-brain barrier



Protection of the Spinal Cord - ANS - Vertical Column



Three Main Structures in the Brain - ANS - Cerebrum

- Cerebellum

- Brain Stem- midbrain/ mesencephalon, and pons, medulla in hindbrain/ rhombencephalon



Contralateral - ANS On the opposite side of the body



Ipsilateral - ANS On the same side of the body



How much of the blood from the heart go to the brain? - ANS 20%



What occurs in no blood goes to the brain? - ANS You become unconscious


2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.

,Causes of stroke - ANS - Brain bleeding

- Blockage to brain

Brain cells not receiving oxygen so cells die



Anatomical Directions - ANS - Dorsal/ Superior- Top of brain (dorsal fin on top)

- Inferior/ Ventral- Bottom of brain

- Anterior/ Rostral- Front of brain (beak, nostral)

- Posterior/ Caudal- Bottom of brain (tail)

- Medial- Towards middle

- Lateral- Towards side



Dorsal/ Superior - ANS - Top of brain



Inferior/ Ventral - ANS - Bottom of brain



Anterior/ Rostral - ANS - Front of brain



Posterior/ Caudal - ANS - Back of brain



Medial - ANS - Towards the midline



Lateral - ANS - Away from the midline



3 Planes of View - ANS - Frontal/ Coronal- slice from forehead


3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.

, - Sagittal- slice from side

- Horizontal- slice from ground



Frontal/ Coronal Plane - ANS Section parallel to forehead



Sagittal Plane - ANS Section separating left and right



Horizontal Plane - ANS Section parallel to the horizon



Types of Matter - ANS - Grey matter- contains cell bodies and dendrites e.g. cortex, basal
ganglia, thalamus

- White matter- contains myelinated axons e.g. corpus callosum



Grey Matter Composition - ANS - Cell bodies

- Dendrites



Structures made up of Grey Matter - ANS - Cortex

- Basal ganglia

- Thalamus



White Matter Composition - ANS Myelinated axons



Structure made up of White Matter - ANS Corpus Callosum



Corpus Callosum Structure - ANS Fibre bundle



4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.