NURS 231 Module 2/NURS 231 Module 2 Exam/ Pathophysiology / Questions & Answers/Guaranteed A+ Score(Answers on the last pages)

True/False: Blood tests for tumor markers are the single best screening tool for cancer. 2. Tissue biopsy is of critical importance in what role? 3. Show Answers: a. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis: b. What are two side effects commonly experienced by cancer patients? 4. Explain the TNM system: (10 points) 5. Short answers: a. When would surgery be appropriate in the treatment of cancer? b. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause pancytopenia due to bone marrow suppression. What are the 3 possible adverse outcomes of this? 6. True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. 7. True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. 8. What are two important properties that stem cells possess? 9. Which of the following are most likely to have arisen from an adult stem cell? a. Muscle b. Bone c. Epithelial d. Neural 10. What is angiogenesis? Why do tumors need it? 11. What are normal genes called that become cancer causing if mutated? 12. What is a tumor suppressor gene? Give one example.13. Determine if the tumor is benign or malignant based on the nomenclature: a. Papilloma b. Lipoma c. Leiomyosarcoma d. Hemangioma e. Adenocarcinoma f. Neuroblastoma g. Adenoma h. Melanoma i. Lymphoma j. Glioma 14. A 62-year-old man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small cell lung cancer with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer spreads metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3) Which screening test would he have benefited from? 15. Benign tumors have which of the following characteristics? Select all that apply. a. Undifferentiated cells b. Grows by expansion c. Gains access to blood and lymph channels d. Growth may stop or regress 16. What are the genetic events that can lead to cancer? Select all that apply. a. Gene amplification b. Pleomorphism c. Point mutation d. Seeding e. Chromosomal translocation17. List 4 of the 7 risk factors linked to cancer as stated in the module. 18. Fill in the blank (5/10pts) a. _______is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites. b. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as _________________________. 19. Which of the following are risk factors for developing cancer? Select all that apply. a. HBV b. Alcohol c. High intake of smoked meats d. Deodorant 20. All of the following viral agents are correctly paired with the associated lesion except: a. Human papillomavirus (HPV): Genital warts b. Epstein-Barr virus: carcinoma of the cervix. Epstein Barr is linked to burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. Cervical carcinoma is linked to HPV. c. Hepatitis B virus: hepatocellular carcinoma d. Human herpes virus-8: Kaposi sarcoma 21. List one example of screening for each method: observation, palpation, and lab test/procedure