NUR 6220 Patho Final Exam
Anemia can be classified into 3 major categories: - Answers-1. iron deficiency anemia
2. hemoglobinopathies
3. anemia related to RBC loss
Most common form of anemia - Answers-iron deficiency anemia
When does iron deficiency anemia occur? - Answers-when the body lacks enough iron to produce
hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
causes of iron deficiency anemia - Answers-inadequate iron intake
blood loss
poor iron absorption
3 symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - Answers-Fatigue
Weakness
,Pallor
What are hemoglobinopathies? - Answers-Genetic disorders that affect structure or production of
hemoglobin
2 prominent types of hemoglobinopathies - Answers-Thalassemia
Sickle cell
Thalassemia - Answers-Genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production
Results in severe anemia
Thalassemia can lead to ________ due to _______ from frequent blood transfusions - Answers-Organ
damage
Iron overload
What causes sickle cell - Answers-Mutation in hemoglobin gene
Leading to formation of oddly-shaped RBCs
Cells can block blood flow and break down prematurely
Leads to anemia and pain crisis
,Anemia related to RBC loss results from.... - Answers-Destruction or loss of RBCs
Examples of causes of anemia related to RBC loss - Answers-Hemolytic anemia
Blood loss from GI bleed or trauma
Autoimmune diseases
Infections
Symptoms of anemia related to RBC loss - Answers-Pallor
Fatigue
SOB
Thrombocytopenia - Answers-low platelet count and can result from decreased production in the bone
marrow, increased destruction of platelets, or abnormal sequestration in the spleen
Thrombocytopenia causes - Answers-leukemia
viral infections
autoimmune disorders
Thrombocytopenia symptoms - Answers-Easy bruising
Petechiae
Prolonged bleeding from minor cuts
Thrombocythemia characteristics - Answers-Abnormally high platelet count
, Primary or secondary to other conditions like iron deficiency or inflammatory diseases
Thrombocythemia can increase risk of... - Answers-Thrombosis (blood clots)
Patients with Thrombocythemia may develop _________________ - Answers-Clotting complications
including HA or strokes
2 examples of platelet function disorders - Answers-Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
What do both Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome affect? - Answers-Platelet
aggregation
Leads to bleeding tendencies
Individuals with either Glanzmann thrombasthenia or Bernard-Soulier syndrome experience... -
Answers-Prolonged bleeding after injury or sx
Despite normal platelet counts
Most common inherited bleeding disorder - Answers-Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is what factor deficiency? - Answers-Factor VIII
Hemophilia A symptoms - Answers-Joint bleeds
Muscle bleeds
Anemia can be classified into 3 major categories: - Answers-1. iron deficiency anemia
2. hemoglobinopathies
3. anemia related to RBC loss
Most common form of anemia - Answers-iron deficiency anemia
When does iron deficiency anemia occur? - Answers-when the body lacks enough iron to produce
hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
causes of iron deficiency anemia - Answers-inadequate iron intake
blood loss
poor iron absorption
3 symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - Answers-Fatigue
Weakness
,Pallor
What are hemoglobinopathies? - Answers-Genetic disorders that affect structure or production of
hemoglobin
2 prominent types of hemoglobinopathies - Answers-Thalassemia
Sickle cell
Thalassemia - Answers-Genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production
Results in severe anemia
Thalassemia can lead to ________ due to _______ from frequent blood transfusions - Answers-Organ
damage
Iron overload
What causes sickle cell - Answers-Mutation in hemoglobin gene
Leading to formation of oddly-shaped RBCs
Cells can block blood flow and break down prematurely
Leads to anemia and pain crisis
,Anemia related to RBC loss results from.... - Answers-Destruction or loss of RBCs
Examples of causes of anemia related to RBC loss - Answers-Hemolytic anemia
Blood loss from GI bleed or trauma
Autoimmune diseases
Infections
Symptoms of anemia related to RBC loss - Answers-Pallor
Fatigue
SOB
Thrombocytopenia - Answers-low platelet count and can result from decreased production in the bone
marrow, increased destruction of platelets, or abnormal sequestration in the spleen
Thrombocytopenia causes - Answers-leukemia
viral infections
autoimmune disorders
Thrombocytopenia symptoms - Answers-Easy bruising
Petechiae
Prolonged bleeding from minor cuts
Thrombocythemia characteristics - Answers-Abnormally high platelet count
, Primary or secondary to other conditions like iron deficiency or inflammatory diseases
Thrombocythemia can increase risk of... - Answers-Thrombosis (blood clots)
Patients with Thrombocythemia may develop _________________ - Answers-Clotting complications
including HA or strokes
2 examples of platelet function disorders - Answers-Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Bernard-Soulier syndrome
What do both Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome affect? - Answers-Platelet
aggregation
Leads to bleeding tendencies
Individuals with either Glanzmann thrombasthenia or Bernard-Soulier syndrome experience... -
Answers-Prolonged bleeding after injury or sx
Despite normal platelet counts
Most common inherited bleeding disorder - Answers-Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is what factor deficiency? - Answers-Factor VIII
Hemophilia A symptoms - Answers-Joint bleeds
Muscle bleeds
