INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
SCIENCE - D684 CORRECT 100%
analog data - ANSWERdata represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWERa standard
encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters,
numbers, and symbols
binary - ANSWERa numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - ANSWERa logical statement that can only be true or false and
uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - ANSWERa single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - ANSWERa collection of characters that a computer can recognize and
process, like ASCII or Unicode compression ratio: the ratio of the original data size to
the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - ANSWERconstructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - ANSWERraw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful
information
data compression - ANSWERthe process of reducing the size of data to save space or
transmission time
data types - ANSWERcategories of data that define what kind of value can be stored,
like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - ANSWERa statement in programming that specifies the name and type of
a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - ANSWERdata represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
floating point - ANSWERa way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts
using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - ANSWERa compression technique that uses variable-length codes
for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
,information - ANSWERdata that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way
to be useful
integer - ANSWERa whole number
keyword encoding - ANSWERa method of data compression that replaces frequently
occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - ANSWERa type of data compression where no information is lost and the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - ANSWERa type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - ANSWERany value that is a number
overflow - ANSWERa condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that
can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - ANSWERa method used to digitally represent analog
signals
radix point - ANSWERthe decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - ANSWERa data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often
called floating-point numbers
reclocking - ANSWERthe process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to
ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding - ANSWERa simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - ANSWERa method of representing very large or very small numbers
by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation - ANSWERa way of encoding positive and negative
numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the
magnitude
string - ANSWERa sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used
for text manipulation
strong typing - ANSWERa feature in programming languages where each variable is
explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
, ten's complement - ANSWERa mathematical method for representing negative numbers
in a decimal system
Unicode - ANSWERa universal character set that includes characters from virtually all
writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
alphanumeric values - ANSWERcharacters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers
(0-9)
assignment operator - ANSWERa symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically
=
mixed case with underscores - ANSWERa naming convention that combines uppercase
and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like My_Variable_Name
numeric constant - ANSWERa fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42
numeric variable - ANSWERa variable that holds a number value
operand - ANSWERa value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5
Pascal casing - ANSWERa naming convention in which each word in the name starts
with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName
right-to-left associativity - ANSWERthe order in which operations are performed in
expressions where operators of the same precedence appear, processed from right to
left
snake casing - ANSWERa naming convention in which words are all lowercase and
separated by underscores, like my_variable_name
string constant - ANSWERa fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code,
like "Hello, World!"
string variable - ANSWERa variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string)
type safety - ANSWERensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data
type, preventing type errors
unnamed constant - ANSWERa fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to
a variable, also known as a magic number, like 3.14 for π
variable - ANSWERa named storage location in memory that can hold different values
throughout a program
SCIENCE - D684 CORRECT 100%
analog data - ANSWERdata represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - ANSWERa standard
encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters,
numbers, and symbols
binary - ANSWERa numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - ANSWERa logical statement that can only be true or false and
uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - ANSWERa single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - ANSWERa collection of characters that a computer can recognize and
process, like ASCII or Unicode compression ratio: the ratio of the original data size to
the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - ANSWERconstructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - ANSWERraw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful
information
data compression - ANSWERthe process of reducing the size of data to save space or
transmission time
data types - ANSWERcategories of data that define what kind of value can be stored,
like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - ANSWERa statement in programming that specifies the name and type of
a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - ANSWERdata represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
floating point - ANSWERa way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts
using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - ANSWERa compression technique that uses variable-length codes
for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
,information - ANSWERdata that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way
to be useful
integer - ANSWERa whole number
keyword encoding - ANSWERa method of data compression that replaces frequently
occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - ANSWERa type of data compression where no information is lost and the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - ANSWERa type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently
eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - ANSWERany value that is a number
overflow - ANSWERa condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that
can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - ANSWERa method used to digitally represent analog
signals
radix point - ANSWERthe decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - ANSWERa data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often
called floating-point numbers
reclocking - ANSWERthe process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to
ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding - ANSWERa simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - ANSWERa method of representing very large or very small numbers
by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation - ANSWERa way of encoding positive and negative
numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the
magnitude
string - ANSWERa sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used
for text manipulation
strong typing - ANSWERa feature in programming languages where each variable is
explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
, ten's complement - ANSWERa mathematical method for representing negative numbers
in a decimal system
Unicode - ANSWERa universal character set that includes characters from virtually all
writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
alphanumeric values - ANSWERcharacters that include both letters (A-Z) and numbers
(0-9)
assignment operator - ANSWERa symbol used to assign a value to a variable, typically
=
mixed case with underscores - ANSWERa naming convention that combines uppercase
and lowercase letters with underscores between words, like My_Variable_Name
numeric constant - ANSWERa fixed number value written directly in the code, like 42
numeric variable - ANSWERa variable that holds a number value
operand - ANSWERa value or variable on which an operator acts, like 3 and 5 in 3 + 5
Pascal casing - ANSWERa naming convention in which each word in the name starts
with an uppercase letter, like MyVariableName
right-to-left associativity - ANSWERthe order in which operations are performed in
expressions where operators of the same precedence appear, processed from right to
left
snake casing - ANSWERa naming convention in which words are all lowercase and
separated by underscores, like my_variable_name
string constant - ANSWERa fixed sequence of characters written directly in the code,
like "Hello, World!"
string variable - ANSWERa variable that holds a sequence of characters (a string)
type safety - ANSWERensuring a variable is only used in ways consistent with its data
type, preventing type errors
unnamed constant - ANSWERa fixed value used directly in code without assigning it to
a variable, also known as a magic number, like 3.14 for π
variable - ANSWERa named storage location in memory that can hold different values
throughout a program
