MGMT 309 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The Psychological Contract - Answer -The overall set of expectations held by an
individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the
organization will provide in return.
Person-Job Fit - Answer -extent to which the contributions made by an individual match
the inducements offered by an organization.
Reasons for poor person-job fit - Answer -1. Imperfect organizational selection
procedures
2.Change in both people and organization over time
3. New Technologies require new employee skills
4. Unique individuals and unique jobs.
Individual Differences - Answer -personal attributes that vary from one person to
another
-physical, psychological, or emotional
Video: The Break Up - Answer -Personality and Individual Behavior
-Jennifer: Conscientiousness
Personality - Answer -The relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral
attributes that distinguish one person from another.
The "Big Five" Personality Traits - Answer -1. Agreeableness
2. Conscientiousness
3. Negative emotionality
4. Extraversion
5. Openness
Agreeableness - Answer -A person's ability to get along with others
-causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with
others
Conscientiousness - Answer -The # of goals on which a person focuses
Negative emotionality - Answer -The extent to which a person is calm, resilient, and
secure
Extraversion - Answer -a person's comfort level with relationships
Openness - Answer -A person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests
,Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Answer -A popular questionnaire that some
organizations use to assess personality types.
-useful method for determining communication styles and interaction preferences.
Personality Types - Answer -1. Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)
2. Sensing (S) - prefers concrete things vs. Intuition (N) - abstract
3. Thinking (T) - base their decisions on logic and reason vs. Feeling (F) - base their
decisions on feelings and emotions.
4. Judging (J) - enjoy completion or being finished vs. Perceiving (P) - enjoy the process
and open-ended situations
Locus of Control - Answer -The extent to which people believe that their behavior has a
real effect on what happens to them.
Internal Locus of Control - Answer -Individuals who believe they are in control of their
lives.
External locus of control - Answer -Individuals believe that externals forces dictate what
happen to them.
Self Efficacy - Answer -A person's belief about his or her capabilities to perform a task.
-high: believe they can perform well
-low: doubt their ability to perform
Authoritarianism - Answer -The extent to which a person believes that power and status
differences are appropriate within hierarchical social organizations.
Machiavellianism - Answer -Behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the
behavior of others.
Self-Esteem - Answer -The extent to which a person believes she/he is a worthwhile
individual.
Risk Propensity - Answer -The degree to which an individual is willing to take chances
and make risky decisions.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - Answer -The extent to which people are self-aware, can
manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and
possess social skills.
Self-Awareness - Answer -A person's capacity for being aware of how they are feeling.
managing emotions - Answer -A person's capacity to ensure that feelings do not
interfere with getting things accomplished.
Motivating oneself - Answer -A person's ability to remain optimistic in the face of failure.
, Empathy - Answer -A person's ability to understand how others are feeling.
Social Skills - Answer -A person's ability to get along with others.
Attitudes - Answer -Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific
ideas, situations, or other people.
Attitudinal Components - Answer -Affective
Cognitive
Intentional
Affective Component - Answer -Feelings and emotions toward a situation
Cognitive component - Answer -Perceived knowledge
Intentional Component - Answer -Expected behavior in a given situation
Cognitive Dissonance - Answer -The conflict individuals experience among their own
attitudes.
-The affective and cognitive components of the individual's attitude are in conflict with
intended behavior.
Job Satisfaction - Answer -An attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is
gratified or fulfilled by his or her work.
- personal factors such as an individual's needs and aspirations, determine this attitude
- along with group and organizational factors: such as relationships with coworkers and
supervisors, as well as working conditions, work policies, and compensation.
Job Satisfaction and Work Behaviors - Answer -1. Job satisfaction is influenced by
personal, group, and organizational factors.
2. Satisfied employees are absent less often, make positive contributions and stay with
the organization.
3. Dissatisfied employees are absent more often, may experience stress which disrupts
coworkers, and may be continually looking for another job.
Organizational Commitment - Answer -An attitude that reflects an individual's
identification with and attachment to an organization.
Commitment and Work Behaviors - Answer --Employee commitment strengthens with
an individual's age, years with the organization, sense of job security, and participation
in decision making.
-Committed employees have highly reliable habits, plan a longer tenure with the
organization, and muster more effort in performance.
The Psychological Contract - Answer -The overall set of expectations held by an
individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the
organization will provide in return.
Person-Job Fit - Answer -extent to which the contributions made by an individual match
the inducements offered by an organization.
Reasons for poor person-job fit - Answer -1. Imperfect organizational selection
procedures
2.Change in both people and organization over time
3. New Technologies require new employee skills
4. Unique individuals and unique jobs.
Individual Differences - Answer -personal attributes that vary from one person to
another
-physical, psychological, or emotional
Video: The Break Up - Answer -Personality and Individual Behavior
-Jennifer: Conscientiousness
Personality - Answer -The relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral
attributes that distinguish one person from another.
The "Big Five" Personality Traits - Answer -1. Agreeableness
2. Conscientiousness
3. Negative emotionality
4. Extraversion
5. Openness
Agreeableness - Answer -A person's ability to get along with others
-causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with
others
Conscientiousness - Answer -The # of goals on which a person focuses
Negative emotionality - Answer -The extent to which a person is calm, resilient, and
secure
Extraversion - Answer -a person's comfort level with relationships
Openness - Answer -A person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests
,Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Answer -A popular questionnaire that some
organizations use to assess personality types.
-useful method for determining communication styles and interaction preferences.
Personality Types - Answer -1. Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)
2. Sensing (S) - prefers concrete things vs. Intuition (N) - abstract
3. Thinking (T) - base their decisions on logic and reason vs. Feeling (F) - base their
decisions on feelings and emotions.
4. Judging (J) - enjoy completion or being finished vs. Perceiving (P) - enjoy the process
and open-ended situations
Locus of Control - Answer -The extent to which people believe that their behavior has a
real effect on what happens to them.
Internal Locus of Control - Answer -Individuals who believe they are in control of their
lives.
External locus of control - Answer -Individuals believe that externals forces dictate what
happen to them.
Self Efficacy - Answer -A person's belief about his or her capabilities to perform a task.
-high: believe they can perform well
-low: doubt their ability to perform
Authoritarianism - Answer -The extent to which a person believes that power and status
differences are appropriate within hierarchical social organizations.
Machiavellianism - Answer -Behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the
behavior of others.
Self-Esteem - Answer -The extent to which a person believes she/he is a worthwhile
individual.
Risk Propensity - Answer -The degree to which an individual is willing to take chances
and make risky decisions.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - Answer -The extent to which people are self-aware, can
manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and
possess social skills.
Self-Awareness - Answer -A person's capacity for being aware of how they are feeling.
managing emotions - Answer -A person's capacity to ensure that feelings do not
interfere with getting things accomplished.
Motivating oneself - Answer -A person's ability to remain optimistic in the face of failure.
, Empathy - Answer -A person's ability to understand how others are feeling.
Social Skills - Answer -A person's ability to get along with others.
Attitudes - Answer -Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific
ideas, situations, or other people.
Attitudinal Components - Answer -Affective
Cognitive
Intentional
Affective Component - Answer -Feelings and emotions toward a situation
Cognitive component - Answer -Perceived knowledge
Intentional Component - Answer -Expected behavior in a given situation
Cognitive Dissonance - Answer -The conflict individuals experience among their own
attitudes.
-The affective and cognitive components of the individual's attitude are in conflict with
intended behavior.
Job Satisfaction - Answer -An attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is
gratified or fulfilled by his or her work.
- personal factors such as an individual's needs and aspirations, determine this attitude
- along with group and organizational factors: such as relationships with coworkers and
supervisors, as well as working conditions, work policies, and compensation.
Job Satisfaction and Work Behaviors - Answer -1. Job satisfaction is influenced by
personal, group, and organizational factors.
2. Satisfied employees are absent less often, make positive contributions and stay with
the organization.
3. Dissatisfied employees are absent more often, may experience stress which disrupts
coworkers, and may be continually looking for another job.
Organizational Commitment - Answer -An attitude that reflects an individual's
identification with and attachment to an organization.
Commitment and Work Behaviors - Answer --Employee commitment strengthens with
an individual's age, years with the organization, sense of job security, and participation
in decision making.
-Committed employees have highly reliable habits, plan a longer tenure with the
organization, and muster more effort in performance.
