PSYCH 260 EXAM SCRIPT 2 2026 CHAPTER
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ cognitive miser view. Answer: view that we try to conserve our
cognitive energy-"lazy thinkers"; simplifying complex problems
⩥ motivated tactician view. Answer: motivation is important in guiding
cognition and behavior; flexibility in our thinking
⩥ dispositional attribution. Answer: assuming that another's behavior is
due to personality factors
⩥ situational attribution. Answer: attribution to factors external: the task,
other people, or luck
⩥ fundamental attribution error. Answer: the tendency for observers,
when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate situation and to
overestimate disposition
⩥ actor-observer bias. Answer: tendency to attribute behavior of others
to dispositional factors and our own behavior to situational ones in a
comparison
, ⩥ self-serving bias. Answer: tendency for some people to attribute
success to dispositional and failures to situational
⩥ cultural differences in fundamental attribution error. Answer: US:
explain behavior by disposition
other cultures: explain behavior by situation
⩥ representativeness heuristic. Answer: • Using stereotypes to judge the
likelihood of things
• May lead to wrong judgments
⩥ availability heuristic. Answer: • Judging an event as common if it
comes readily to mind
• May lead to wrong judgments
• Ex. Judging airplane crashes as common after watching news report of
an airplane crash
⩥ social self. Answer: Your concept of self as developed through your
personal, social interactions with others.
• Self is malleable
• Shaped by immediate social situation
• Multiple personalities as normal
• Unconscious self
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ cognitive miser view. Answer: view that we try to conserve our
cognitive energy-"lazy thinkers"; simplifying complex problems
⩥ motivated tactician view. Answer: motivation is important in guiding
cognition and behavior; flexibility in our thinking
⩥ dispositional attribution. Answer: assuming that another's behavior is
due to personality factors
⩥ situational attribution. Answer: attribution to factors external: the task,
other people, or luck
⩥ fundamental attribution error. Answer: the tendency for observers,
when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate situation and to
overestimate disposition
⩥ actor-observer bias. Answer: tendency to attribute behavior of others
to dispositional factors and our own behavior to situational ones in a
comparison
, ⩥ self-serving bias. Answer: tendency for some people to attribute
success to dispositional and failures to situational
⩥ cultural differences in fundamental attribution error. Answer: US:
explain behavior by disposition
other cultures: explain behavior by situation
⩥ representativeness heuristic. Answer: • Using stereotypes to judge the
likelihood of things
• May lead to wrong judgments
⩥ availability heuristic. Answer: • Judging an event as common if it
comes readily to mind
• May lead to wrong judgments
• Ex. Judging airplane crashes as common after watching news report of
an airplane crash
⩥ social self. Answer: Your concept of self as developed through your
personal, social interactions with others.
• Self is malleable
• Shaped by immediate social situation
• Multiple personalities as normal
• Unconscious self
