UMASS PSYCH 350 EXAM 3 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
4 Components of Emotion - ANS 1) Subjective FEELINGS (ex: fear, elation)
2) PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES to emotions (ex: adrenaline, heart rate, sweating)
3) THOUGHTS that accompany feelings (ex: how to escape or approach)
4) Desire to take ACTION (ex: fight or flight
When do primary emotions, complex emotions, and further complex emotions develop? -
ANS Primary emotions (birth-6 months): contentment/joy, interest/surprise,
distress/anger/sadness/fear.
Complex emotions: (6 months-2 years): simple embarrassment, envy, empathy
Further complex emotions (2 years onward): complex embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt
Positive Emotions (Smiling, Happiness) - ANS Smiling: 1st month- smiling, but limited.
Reflexive. 3rd month- social smiles. Encourage care.
Happiness: 2nd month- smile when control event. 7th month- smile more at familiar people.
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, Self-Conscious Emotions and Self-Recognition (Mirror Task) - ANS These emotions include
pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, etc. To have complex emotions, you have to know
something about yourself.
Mirror task (self-recognition task): put a baby in front of a mirror, put a red mark on their
forehead, and see if they react like a dog would (sees reflection as new dog) or how we would.
Findings: at younger than 18 months, the baby wouldn't know the image in the mirror is a
reflection. Doesn't see the connection with the red mark.
By 18 months, the child's awareness changes. They see the red dot, realize the connection and
try to get the red dot off their forehead.
Complex Emotions (Guilt and Shame) and Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment - ANS Guilt:
associated with empathy for others
(remorse, regret, wanting to make up for their wrongdoing). Shame: focus on self, rather than
concern for others (may feel like hiding, etc).
Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment: 2 year olds allowed to play with "rigged" doll. Adult left room,
doll's leg would "accidentally" fall off. When adult returned... 1) some showed shame (avoided
the adult, didn't tell). 2) some showed guilt (did not avoid, told immediately, tried to repair the
doll).
Facial Expressions - ANS Indicate internal feelings; help others predict our behavior. Identified
with "FACS"- Facial Action Coding System (each emotion corresponds to distinct muscle combo.
Works less effectively with babies because their face fat obscures the muscles involved. As well,
focusing on facial expressions may overestimate infants' emotional lives.
Discrete Emotions Theory - ANS Discrete Emotions Theory: States that emotions are innate,
each emotion associated with a specific set of bodily and facial reaction, and emotions are
distinct- even early in life. Theory relies on the six basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust,
surprise, fear.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
4 Components of Emotion - ANS 1) Subjective FEELINGS (ex: fear, elation)
2) PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES to emotions (ex: adrenaline, heart rate, sweating)
3) THOUGHTS that accompany feelings (ex: how to escape or approach)
4) Desire to take ACTION (ex: fight or flight
When do primary emotions, complex emotions, and further complex emotions develop? -
ANS Primary emotions (birth-6 months): contentment/joy, interest/surprise,
distress/anger/sadness/fear.
Complex emotions: (6 months-2 years): simple embarrassment, envy, empathy
Further complex emotions (2 years onward): complex embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt
Positive Emotions (Smiling, Happiness) - ANS Smiling: 1st month- smiling, but limited.
Reflexive. 3rd month- social smiles. Encourage care.
Happiness: 2nd month- smile when control event. 7th month- smile more at familiar people.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Self-Conscious Emotions and Self-Recognition (Mirror Task) - ANS These emotions include
pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment, etc. To have complex emotions, you have to know
something about yourself.
Mirror task (self-recognition task): put a baby in front of a mirror, put a red mark on their
forehead, and see if they react like a dog would (sees reflection as new dog) or how we would.
Findings: at younger than 18 months, the baby wouldn't know the image in the mirror is a
reflection. Doesn't see the connection with the red mark.
By 18 months, the child's awareness changes. They see the red dot, realize the connection and
try to get the red dot off their forehead.
Complex Emotions (Guilt and Shame) and Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment - ANS Guilt:
associated with empathy for others
(remorse, regret, wanting to make up for their wrongdoing). Shame: focus on self, rather than
concern for others (may feel like hiding, etc).
Raggedy Ann Doll Experiment: 2 year olds allowed to play with "rigged" doll. Adult left room,
doll's leg would "accidentally" fall off. When adult returned... 1) some showed shame (avoided
the adult, didn't tell). 2) some showed guilt (did not avoid, told immediately, tried to repair the
doll).
Facial Expressions - ANS Indicate internal feelings; help others predict our behavior. Identified
with "FACS"- Facial Action Coding System (each emotion corresponds to distinct muscle combo.
Works less effectively with babies because their face fat obscures the muscles involved. As well,
focusing on facial expressions may overestimate infants' emotional lives.
Discrete Emotions Theory - ANS Discrete Emotions Theory: States that emotions are innate,
each emotion associated with a specific set of bodily and facial reaction, and emotions are
distinct- even early in life. Theory relies on the six basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust,
surprise, fear.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
