CLUB PILATES INSTRUCTOR
CERTIFICATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
frontal plane (coronal plane) - ANSWERdivides the body into anterior and posterior
portions
sagittal plane - ANSWERa vertical plane that divides the body into right and left
parts, the only plane of the body that has the potential to divide the body into equal
halves
Superior - ANSWERabove; toward the head
Inferior - ANSWERLower on the body, farther from the head
Medial - ANSWERToward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWERAway from the midline of the body
Anterior - ANSWERfront of the body
Extension - ANSWERincreases the angle of a joint
Flexion - ANSWERDecreases the angle of a joint
Rotation - ANSWERTurning around an axis or center point. Turn or spin
pivot joint - ANSWERthe type of joint that allows only a rotating movement
Hinge joint - ANSWERa type of joint that allows for back-and-forth motion in one
direction -- flexion/extension
Posterior - ANSWERback of body
Ventral - ANSWERbelly side
Dorsal - ANSWERpertaining to the back
Superficial - ANSWERnear the surface
Deep - ANSWERAway from the surface
Proximal - ANSWERCloser to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk
, Distal - ANSWERfarther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
transverse plane - ANSWERhorizontal division of the body into upper and lower
portions
Xiphoid Process - ANSWERlower portion of the sternum
Atlas (C1) - ANSWERFirst cervical vertebra, supports the head
Manubrium - ANSWERupper portion of the sternum
Axis (C2) - ANSWERsecond cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"
Sternum - ANSWERbreastbone
Clavicle - ANSWERthe collar bone, a slender bone that connects the manubrium of
the sternum to the scapula
Diarthrosis (synovial) - ANSWERfreely movable joint, ball and socket
Synathrosis - ANSWERimmovable joint (fibrous)
Amphiarthrosis - ANSWERslightly movable joint (cartilaginous)
synovial fluid - ANSWERjoint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
articular cartilage - ANSWERFound at the ends of bones, helps to absorb impact,
cushion and keep friction low
Ligament - ANSWERflexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches
one bone to another at a joint
Joint Capsule - ANSWERfibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint
surfaces
joint cavity - ANSWERthe space between two connecting bones
Articulation - ANSWERjoint
ball and socket joint - ANSWERshoulder and hip
Hinge joint - ANSWERelbow and knee
Pivot Joint - ANSWERrotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between
radius/ulna and humerus, atlas/axis
Abduction - ANSWERaway from the midline
CERTIFICATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
frontal plane (coronal plane) - ANSWERdivides the body into anterior and posterior
portions
sagittal plane - ANSWERa vertical plane that divides the body into right and left
parts, the only plane of the body that has the potential to divide the body into equal
halves
Superior - ANSWERabove; toward the head
Inferior - ANSWERLower on the body, farther from the head
Medial - ANSWERToward the midline of the body
Lateral - ANSWERAway from the midline of the body
Anterior - ANSWERfront of the body
Extension - ANSWERincreases the angle of a joint
Flexion - ANSWERDecreases the angle of a joint
Rotation - ANSWERTurning around an axis or center point. Turn or spin
pivot joint - ANSWERthe type of joint that allows only a rotating movement
Hinge joint - ANSWERa type of joint that allows for back-and-forth motion in one
direction -- flexion/extension
Posterior - ANSWERback of body
Ventral - ANSWERbelly side
Dorsal - ANSWERpertaining to the back
Superficial - ANSWERnear the surface
Deep - ANSWERAway from the surface
Proximal - ANSWERCloser to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk
, Distal - ANSWERfarther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
transverse plane - ANSWERhorizontal division of the body into upper and lower
portions
Xiphoid Process - ANSWERlower portion of the sternum
Atlas (C1) - ANSWERFirst cervical vertebra, supports the head
Manubrium - ANSWERupper portion of the sternum
Axis (C2) - ANSWERsecond cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"
Sternum - ANSWERbreastbone
Clavicle - ANSWERthe collar bone, a slender bone that connects the manubrium of
the sternum to the scapula
Diarthrosis (synovial) - ANSWERfreely movable joint, ball and socket
Synathrosis - ANSWERimmovable joint (fibrous)
Amphiarthrosis - ANSWERslightly movable joint (cartilaginous)
synovial fluid - ANSWERjoint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
articular cartilage - ANSWERFound at the ends of bones, helps to absorb impact,
cushion and keep friction low
Ligament - ANSWERflexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches
one bone to another at a joint
Joint Capsule - ANSWERfibrous tissue that encloses bone ends and other joint
surfaces
joint cavity - ANSWERthe space between two connecting bones
Articulation - ANSWERjoint
ball and socket joint - ANSWERshoulder and hip
Hinge joint - ANSWERelbow and knee
Pivot Joint - ANSWERrotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between
radius/ulna and humerus, atlas/axis
Abduction - ANSWERaway from the midline
