NUR4030 - EXAM #1\\NUR 4030 Exam 1 –
Complete Study Guide & Practice Questions
2025
Electrolytes in the ECF:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Chloride
Electrolytes in the ICF:
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Magnesium
Edema:
Fluid shifting into the interstitial space
Fluid shifting: first spacing
Normal fluid distribution in ICF & ECF
Fluid shifting: second spacing
Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (edema)
Fluid shifting: third spacing
Fluid collecting in non-functional areas between cells (ascites)
Causes of FVD:
- D/V
- Hemorrhage
- Poor intake
S/Sx of FVD:
- ↓ weight
- Poor capillary refill
- Confusion
- ↓ urine output
- Clammy skin
,- Dizziness
- Seizures
Vital trends of FVD:
- ↓ BP
- ↑ HR
- ↑ RR
RN interventions for FVD:
- Replace F&E
- I&Os
Causes of FVE:
- Excess intake
- Abnormal fluid retention
S/Sx of FVE:
- ↑ weight
- Dyspnea
- Polyuria
- JVD
- S3 (heart sound)
- Crackles
- Confusion
- Bounding pulses
Vital trends of FVE:
- ↑ BP
- ↓ HR
RN interventions for FVE:
- Diuretics
- Fluid restriction
- I&Os
Hypernatremia causes:
- Poor H2O intake
- Excess H2O loss
Hypernatremia S/Sx:
- Altered mental status
- Tachycardia
, - Weakness
- Postural hypertension
Hyponatremia causes:
- D/V
- Wound drainage
- Burns
- NG suction
- Excess H2O gain
Hyponatremia S/Sx:
- Headache
-V
- Seizures
- Altered mental status
Hyperkalemia causes:
- Impaired renal excretion
- Potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia S/Sx:
- D/V
- Muscle weakness/cramping
- ↓ reflexes
- Dysrhythmias
- Confusion
Hypokalemia causes:
- Diuretics
- D/V
- NG suction
Hypokalemia S/Sx:
- Skeletal muscle weakness
- Paresthesia
- ↓ GI motility
- Dysrhythmias
- Impaired insulin excretion (hyperglycemia)
Hypercalcemia causes:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Certain cancers
Hypercalcemia S/Sx:
Complete Study Guide & Practice Questions
2025
Electrolytes in the ECF:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Chloride
Electrolytes in the ICF:
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Magnesium
Edema:
Fluid shifting into the interstitial space
Fluid shifting: first spacing
Normal fluid distribution in ICF & ECF
Fluid shifting: second spacing
Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (edema)
Fluid shifting: third spacing
Fluid collecting in non-functional areas between cells (ascites)
Causes of FVD:
- D/V
- Hemorrhage
- Poor intake
S/Sx of FVD:
- ↓ weight
- Poor capillary refill
- Confusion
- ↓ urine output
- Clammy skin
,- Dizziness
- Seizures
Vital trends of FVD:
- ↓ BP
- ↑ HR
- ↑ RR
RN interventions for FVD:
- Replace F&E
- I&Os
Causes of FVE:
- Excess intake
- Abnormal fluid retention
S/Sx of FVE:
- ↑ weight
- Dyspnea
- Polyuria
- JVD
- S3 (heart sound)
- Crackles
- Confusion
- Bounding pulses
Vital trends of FVE:
- ↑ BP
- ↓ HR
RN interventions for FVE:
- Diuretics
- Fluid restriction
- I&Os
Hypernatremia causes:
- Poor H2O intake
- Excess H2O loss
Hypernatremia S/Sx:
- Altered mental status
- Tachycardia
, - Weakness
- Postural hypertension
Hyponatremia causes:
- D/V
- Wound drainage
- Burns
- NG suction
- Excess H2O gain
Hyponatremia S/Sx:
- Headache
-V
- Seizures
- Altered mental status
Hyperkalemia causes:
- Impaired renal excretion
- Potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia S/Sx:
- D/V
- Muscle weakness/cramping
- ↓ reflexes
- Dysrhythmias
- Confusion
Hypokalemia causes:
- Diuretics
- D/V
- NG suction
Hypokalemia S/Sx:
- Skeletal muscle weakness
- Paresthesia
- ↓ GI motility
- Dysrhythmias
- Impaired insulin excretion (hyperglycemia)
Hypercalcemia causes:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Certain cancers
Hypercalcemia S/Sx:
