Chem 343; All Multiple Choice 2025/2026
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problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate calculations and apply
mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’ conceptual understanding of core topics,
such as algebra, geometry, calc
Organic chemistry three ideas for practicality?
How do they relate and what order do chemists often pursue them in? -
Answer Structure - Property (Function) - Synthesis
-chemists often start by thinking of a desired function/property and then make
predictions and test different structures. Once the structure that yields the
desired structure is found, chemists must determine how to synthesize the
compound and make it readily available.
-ex: taxol - cancer drug
ex: dimethyl fumerate - MS drug
-ex: LSD - recreational drug
Lewis structure - Answer accounts for or places all valences electrons in
a molecule or ion. Valence electrons are ones that do chemistry
-shows bonding and non bonding electrons
-structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or
dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.
-shows connections in 2D and therefore structures that may appear as different
are actually the same due to limited nature of lewis structure representation.
-atoms on same plane
-no information about WHERE bonds go, just the plane they are on!!
Dash-Wedge Notation - Answer -solid normal lines represent bonds and
atoms on the plane of the paper
,-dashed wedges represent bonds and atoms going away from you into the paper
-solid wedges represent bonds and atoms coming toward you off of the paper
-spatial arrangement in 3D
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Bonding and electrons goal? - Answer To know where the electrons are and
where they can go?
-different orbitals and what not.
octet rule - Answer atoms are most stable when they have 8 valence
electrons in their valence shell
-common exceptions: H and B and elements past P on the PT
Drawing Lewis Structures Steps - Answer 1. Count total valence
electrons.
- of valences electrons = group number
2. Layout atoms for symmetry
- condensed structures convey info!
3. Commit one bond to connect atoms
-recount valence electrons
4. fill octet outside in with lone pair electrons until you are out of valence
electrons
5. satisfy octet rule with multiple bonds if needed
6. assign formal charge
formal charge - Answer [ of valence electrons on atom] - [non-
bonded electrons + number of bonds]
-assigns charge to certain atoms based on the of electrons that atom "owes"
vs its valence electrons.
,1. determine valence electrons for atoms
2. determine electron count: how many electrons the atom "holds
3. FC = [ of valence electrons on atom] - [non-bonded electrons + number of
bonds]
-only signify formal charge once: either directly next to the atom or outside
the brackets
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Bond line formula - Answer 1. only show atomic symbols (letters) for
heteroatoms, not C!
2. Only show H on heteroatoms, not C!
3. every change in direction or bond order is new C atom in structure
-( ) for short hand
-changes direction to signify carbon in single and double bonds
-DOES NOT change direction to signify carbon with triple bond.
Resonance structures - Answer same structure with different
arrangement of electrons
-drawn with brackets and with double arrow between structures
-delocalization of electrons --> molecule has more than one valid lewis structure that
differ only in the distribution of electrons
-no one structure is sufficient... must make hybrid of all structures
-Concept idea -> contributing resonance structures help us describe true resonance
structure of hybrid
-does not jump between structures, not equilibrium, but rather a mix of both
Rules for resonance structures - Answer 1. Do not break sigma
bonds!
, 2. Net charge must stay the same or you made a mistake
3. Maintain same number of unpaired electrons (usually).
4. Do NOT exceed the octet rule for 2nd row elements!
-use little arrows to show how resonance structures convert between one another
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Rules for which resonance structures contribute most? - Answer
1. octet
matters the most --> must have octets filled first
2. minimize formal charge
3. if you do have formal charge, - charge should be placed on the most
electronegative atom possible.
-positive charge on least electronegative atom
bonding orbitals - Answer created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of
atomic orbitals of the same sign and are energetically favorable
-lower energy than original atom orbitals
antibonding orbitals
-replacement of atom through utilization of antibonding orbital? - Answer
created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic
orbitals that have opposite signs and are energetically unfavorable
-are opposite of bonding orbitals
-always form for bonds and are higher in E than normal atomic orbitals
Latest Questions & Answers 100% Accurate
Solutions For Guaranteed Success | Expert-
Verified, Graded A+
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate calculations and apply
mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’ conceptual understanding of core topics,
such as algebra, geometry, calc
Organic chemistry three ideas for practicality?
How do they relate and what order do chemists often pursue them in? -
Answer Structure - Property (Function) - Synthesis
-chemists often start by thinking of a desired function/property and then make
predictions and test different structures. Once the structure that yields the
desired structure is found, chemists must determine how to synthesize the
compound and make it readily available.
-ex: taxol - cancer drug
ex: dimethyl fumerate - MS drug
-ex: LSD - recreational drug
Lewis structure - Answer accounts for or places all valences electrons in
a molecule or ion. Valence electrons are ones that do chemistry
-shows bonding and non bonding electrons
-structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or
dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.
-shows connections in 2D and therefore structures that may appear as different
are actually the same due to limited nature of lewis structure representation.
-atoms on same plane
-no information about WHERE bonds go, just the plane they are on!!
Dash-Wedge Notation - Answer -solid normal lines represent bonds and
atoms on the plane of the paper
,-dashed wedges represent bonds and atoms going away from you into the paper
-solid wedges represent bonds and atoms coming toward you off of the paper
-spatial arrangement in 3D
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Bonding and electrons goal? - Answer To know where the electrons are and
where they can go?
-different orbitals and what not.
octet rule - Answer atoms are most stable when they have 8 valence
electrons in their valence shell
-common exceptions: H and B and elements past P on the PT
Drawing Lewis Structures Steps - Answer 1. Count total valence
electrons.
- of valences electrons = group number
2. Layout atoms for symmetry
- condensed structures convey info!
3. Commit one bond to connect atoms
-recount valence electrons
4. fill octet outside in with lone pair electrons until you are out of valence
electrons
5. satisfy octet rule with multiple bonds if needed
6. assign formal charge
formal charge - Answer [ of valence electrons on atom] - [non-
bonded electrons + number of bonds]
-assigns charge to certain atoms based on the of electrons that atom "owes"
vs its valence electrons.
,1. determine valence electrons for atoms
2. determine electron count: how many electrons the atom "holds
3. FC = [ of valence electrons on atom] - [non-bonded electrons + number of
bonds]
-only signify formal charge once: either directly next to the atom or outside
the brackets
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Bond line formula - Answer 1. only show atomic symbols (letters) for
heteroatoms, not C!
2. Only show H on heteroatoms, not C!
3. every change in direction or bond order is new C atom in structure
-( ) for short hand
-changes direction to signify carbon in single and double bonds
-DOES NOT change direction to signify carbon with triple bond.
Resonance structures - Answer same structure with different
arrangement of electrons
-drawn with brackets and with double arrow between structures
-delocalization of electrons --> molecule has more than one valid lewis structure that
differ only in the distribution of electrons
-no one structure is sufficient... must make hybrid of all structures
-Concept idea -> contributing resonance structures help us describe true resonance
structure of hybrid
-does not jump between structures, not equilibrium, but rather a mix of both
Rules for resonance structures - Answer 1. Do not break sigma
bonds!
, 2. Net charge must stay the same or you made a mistake
3. Maintain same number of unpaired electrons (usually).
4. Do NOT exceed the octet rule for 2nd row elements!
-use little arrows to show how resonance structures convert between one another
problems. This is especially important in subjects like proof-based mathematics.Calculation and Accuracy: Mathematical exams test a student’s ability to perform accurate
calculations and apply mathematical principles in the correct sequence to reach a solution.Understanding of Concepts: Beyond solving problems, mathematics exams test students’
conceptual understanding of core topics, such as algebra, geometry, calc
Rules for which resonance structures contribute most? - Answer
1. octet
matters the most --> must have octets filled first
2. minimize formal charge
3. if you do have formal charge, - charge should be placed on the most
electronegative atom possible.
-positive charge on least electronegative atom
bonding orbitals - Answer created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of
atomic orbitals of the same sign and are energetically favorable
-lower energy than original atom orbitals
antibonding orbitals
-replacement of atom through utilization of antibonding orbital? - Answer
created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic
orbitals that have opposite signs and are energetically unfavorable
-are opposite of bonding orbitals
-always form for bonds and are higher in E than normal atomic orbitals
