COGSCI 180 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What event in history caused a shift in how people viewed personal identity? - answer -
the industrial revolution
- social mobility became possible
- individual talents became important
What three disciplines does this course focus on? - answer -philosophy, neuroscience,
psychology
Idealists (early philosophers) - answer -view that everything, including the material
world, is actually the mind
What was george berkeley known for in philosophy? - answer -idealist, everything you
can know for sure is actually mental, everything else is colored by perception
What was rene descartes known for in regards to mind-body? - answer -"i think
therefore i am" famous dualist
Dualists (early philosophers) - answer -- view that the mind and body are radically
different things
- plato (the forms)
What is the mind-body problem - answer -what is the relationship between the mind
and body? What is the relationship between mental properties and physical properties?
Materialists (recent philosophy) - answer -view that mental states are just physical
states
- behaviorism: studying the relation between observable stimuli and observable
behavioral responses
Disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself - answer -- cotard's delusion
- body integrity identity disorder
Disruption in the narrative self - answer -- alzheimer's disease
- retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Disruption in the agentive self - answer -schizophrenia
Dissociation from the self - answer -- post-traumatic stress disorder
- depersonalization disorder
- dissociative identity disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
, Disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body - answer -- out-of-body
experiences
- doppelgänger effect
The mind-body problem - answer -- what is the relationship between the mind and
body/brain? (mental and physical)
Monism - answer -there is only one kind of substance in the universe
- materialism: everything that exists — including mind — is physical
- idealism: everything — including the material world — is mind (george berkeley)
- transcendental idealism: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with empiricism,
which emphasizes the importance of sensory experience (kant)
Dualism - answer -theory that the mental and the physical — or the mind and
body/brain — are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing
- descartes (mind-body dualism): our human senses are unreliable, evil genius thought
experiment (must have a mind)
- brain in a vat theory
Mind-brain identity theory (materialist view) - answer -- states and processes of the
mind are identical to states and processes of the brain
- the self and free will are not epiphenomenal (a secondary effect) like
materialism/idealism thinks
opposition - functionalism: what makes something a mental state is its role in its
cognitive system (allows multiple realizability)
Computational theory of mind (materialist view) - answer -- human mind is a
computational system that is realized by neural activity in the brain
- physical symbol system hypothesis (simon and newell): any physical symbol system
has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action (can include
machines)
opposition - john searle's chinese room argument: describes a situation in which
symbols are manipulated to produce exactly the right
Neuroanatomical orientations - answer -- anterior: located near/toward the fornt
- posterior: located near/toward the back
- dorsal: in a direction toward the top of the head/the back
- ventral: in a direction towards the bottom of the skull/front surface of the body
- lateral: toward the side of the body
- medial: toward the middle of the body
Sections of the brain - answer -- coronal/frontal: a slice through the brain parallel to the
forehead
What event in history caused a shift in how people viewed personal identity? - answer -
the industrial revolution
- social mobility became possible
- individual talents became important
What three disciplines does this course focus on? - answer -philosophy, neuroscience,
psychology
Idealists (early philosophers) - answer -view that everything, including the material
world, is actually the mind
What was george berkeley known for in philosophy? - answer -idealist, everything you
can know for sure is actually mental, everything else is colored by perception
What was rene descartes known for in regards to mind-body? - answer -"i think
therefore i am" famous dualist
Dualists (early philosophers) - answer -- view that the mind and body are radically
different things
- plato (the forms)
What is the mind-body problem - answer -what is the relationship between the mind
and body? What is the relationship between mental properties and physical properties?
Materialists (recent philosophy) - answer -view that mental states are just physical
states
- behaviorism: studying the relation between observable stimuli and observable
behavioral responses
Disturbances in the subjective experience of oneself - answer -- cotard's delusion
- body integrity identity disorder
Disruption in the narrative self - answer -- alzheimer's disease
- retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Disruption in the agentive self - answer -schizophrenia
Dissociation from the self - answer -- post-traumatic stress disorder
- depersonalization disorder
- dissociative identity disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
, Disruption in the sense of being grounded in one's body - answer -- out-of-body
experiences
- doppelgänger effect
The mind-body problem - answer -- what is the relationship between the mind and
body/brain? (mental and physical)
Monism - answer -there is only one kind of substance in the universe
- materialism: everything that exists — including mind — is physical
- idealism: everything — including the material world — is mind (george berkeley)
- transcendental idealism: subtype of idealism that integrates idealism with empiricism,
which emphasizes the importance of sensory experience (kant)
Dualism - answer -theory that the mental and the physical — or the mind and
body/brain — are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing
- descartes (mind-body dualism): our human senses are unreliable, evil genius thought
experiment (must have a mind)
- brain in a vat theory
Mind-brain identity theory (materialist view) - answer -- states and processes of the
mind are identical to states and processes of the brain
- the self and free will are not epiphenomenal (a secondary effect) like
materialism/idealism thinks
opposition - functionalism: what makes something a mental state is its role in its
cognitive system (allows multiple realizability)
Computational theory of mind (materialist view) - answer -- human mind is a
computational system that is realized by neural activity in the brain
- physical symbol system hypothesis (simon and newell): any physical symbol system
has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent action (can include
machines)
opposition - john searle's chinese room argument: describes a situation in which
symbols are manipulated to produce exactly the right
Neuroanatomical orientations - answer -- anterior: located near/toward the fornt
- posterior: located near/toward the back
- dorsal: in a direction toward the top of the head/the back
- ventral: in a direction towards the bottom of the skull/front surface of the body
- lateral: toward the side of the body
- medial: toward the middle of the body
Sections of the brain - answer -- coronal/frontal: a slice through the brain parallel to the
forehead
