BIOLOGY 101 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place? - Answer- the cristae (of the
mitochondria)
What is established in the inter-membrane space while the electrons are passed down
the Electron Transport Chain, which FUEL the pumping of ions across the membrane? -
Answer- The Proton (H+) Gradient
The protons (H+) diffuse through the ___ enzyme to produce ATP - Answer- ATP
Synthase
For each molecule of NADH, how many ATP's are produced? - Answer- three ATP's
For each molecule of FADH, how many ATP's are produced? - Answer- two ATP's
The ANAEROBIC stage of cellular respiration is called: - Answer- Glycolysis
If oxygen is absent, then the resulting pyruvate is converted to what? - Answer- Lactic
Acid (Lactate) in animals and ethanol in yeast
The conversion of a pyruvate to ethyl alcohol is a process called: - Answer-
fermentation
Fermentation is a form of ___ respiration - Answer- Anaerobic
Anaerobic respiration/Glycolysis occurs in what organelle? - Answer- The cytoplasm
What does ACTIVE transport require? - Answer- ATP
What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve cell membrane? -
Answer- the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
What are enzymes and what are their functions? - Answer- Enzymes are CATALYSTS
that speed up chemical reactions
, If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical reaction is: - Answer-
Endergonic
What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME? - Answer- the active site
Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes: - Answer- 1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Salinity (also inhibitors)
The enzyme shape changes very slightly once the enzyme and substrate bind together.
What is this called? - Answer- Induced fit
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - Answer- Energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it just changes form
Three cell parts found in all cells? - Answer- DNA, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm or
ribosomes
What is the cell theory? - Answer- The cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are
made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from the reproduction of other cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus are: - Answer- prokaryotes
DNA in bacterial/prokaryotic cells forms a: - Answer- circle
DNA in eukaryotic cells are: - Answer- linear
Why are cells small? - Answer- Cells do not get very large because the surface area to
volume ratio must be high to allow for the ready exchange of materials in and out of the
cell
What three cell parts are found ONLY in plant cells? - Answer- cell wall, chloroplasts,
and the large/central vacuole
What is Endosymbiosis? - Answer- The theory that some prokaryotic cells engulfed
other prokaryotic cells thus forming membrane-bound structures (like mitochondria or
chloroplasts) and ultimately giving rise to eukaryotic cells
What is the organelle site of the reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION in
eukaryotic cells? - Answer- Mitochondria
What do you call the site of PROTEIN and LIPID SYNTHESIS in eukaryotic cells is an
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? - Answer- the Endoplasmic Reticulum
What can you find in the nucleus? - Answer- the nucleolus and DNA
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place? - Answer- the cristae (of the
mitochondria)
What is established in the inter-membrane space while the electrons are passed down
the Electron Transport Chain, which FUEL the pumping of ions across the membrane? -
Answer- The Proton (H+) Gradient
The protons (H+) diffuse through the ___ enzyme to produce ATP - Answer- ATP
Synthase
For each molecule of NADH, how many ATP's are produced? - Answer- three ATP's
For each molecule of FADH, how many ATP's are produced? - Answer- two ATP's
The ANAEROBIC stage of cellular respiration is called: - Answer- Glycolysis
If oxygen is absent, then the resulting pyruvate is converted to what? - Answer- Lactic
Acid (Lactate) in animals and ethanol in yeast
The conversion of a pyruvate to ethyl alcohol is a process called: - Answer-
fermentation
Fermentation is a form of ___ respiration - Answer- Anaerobic
Anaerobic respiration/Glycolysis occurs in what organelle? - Answer- The cytoplasm
What does ACTIVE transport require? - Answer- ATP
What is established by a positive charge on the outside of a nerve cell membrane? -
Answer- the sodium-potassium pump (Na-K)
What are enzymes and what are their functions? - Answer- Enzymes are CATALYSTS
that speed up chemical reactions
, If energy is stored in the product of a reaction, the chemical reaction is: - Answer-
Endergonic
What does the SUBSTRATE bind to on an ENZYME? - Answer- the active site
Name 3 factors that effect the function of enzymes: - Answer- 1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Salinity (also inhibitors)
The enzyme shape changes very slightly once the enzyme and substrate bind together.
What is this called? - Answer- Induced fit
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - Answer- Energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it just changes form
Three cell parts found in all cells? - Answer- DNA, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm or
ribosomes
What is the cell theory? - Answer- The cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are
made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from the reproduction of other cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus are: - Answer- prokaryotes
DNA in bacterial/prokaryotic cells forms a: - Answer- circle
DNA in eukaryotic cells are: - Answer- linear
Why are cells small? - Answer- Cells do not get very large because the surface area to
volume ratio must be high to allow for the ready exchange of materials in and out of the
cell
What three cell parts are found ONLY in plant cells? - Answer- cell wall, chloroplasts,
and the large/central vacuole
What is Endosymbiosis? - Answer- The theory that some prokaryotic cells engulfed
other prokaryotic cells thus forming membrane-bound structures (like mitochondria or
chloroplasts) and ultimately giving rise to eukaryotic cells
What is the organelle site of the reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION in
eukaryotic cells? - Answer- Mitochondria
What do you call the site of PROTEIN and LIPID SYNTHESIS in eukaryotic cells is an
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? - Answer- the Endoplasmic Reticulum
What can you find in the nucleus? - Answer- the nucleolus and DNA
