NSCA EXAM STUDY GUIDE Client consultation and assessment actual questions with correct defined answers.

A. Initial Interview - correct answers What are some predictors of a successful client-personal trainer relationship? - correct answersThe personal trainer should provide a detailed description of the services available. important information to include would be an explanation of the trainers eduction, professional experience, certifications and expertise. another important component would be to discuss where and when services are available . What are some requests made by clients that are not compatible with the scope of practice of a personal trainer? - correct answersThe personal Trainer should not advise clients that are in a disease state, or provide medical nutrition therapy, Diagnose and treat injuries. Does a personal trainer have a obligation to train a client with whom he/she is not professionally compatible? - correct answersThe personal trainer and client need to agree to boundaries, roles,resources and expectations and address concerns related to any of the issues or information discussed in the initial interview. If facts are discovered during the initial interview that would establish incompatibility it is important for the personal trainer to provide the person with an option to receive services through a referral process. When should a personal trainer refer the client to another personal trainer with whom the client may be more compatible? - correct answersIf facts are discovered during the initial interview that would establish incompatibility, it is important for the personal trainer to provide the person with an option to receive services through a referral process. What is the purpose of completing a client-personal trainer- fitness facility agreement? - correct answersIn most cases this is legally driven. Written Cancellation policy What should be agreed upon prior to the initial training session? - correct answersThe initial interview the personal Trainer and client assess compatibility, develop goals, and establish a client- trainer agreement. What are the typical components of a client-personal trainer agreement? What are the purposes of those components? - correct answersComponents of a contract include written documentation describing the services, parties involved, expectations of those parties, time line of delivery, cost structure, and payment process. the personal trainer should document and clarify questions and issues concerning the agreement before signing the contract.Cancellation policy, and termination of contract should also be provided. What is the purpose and value of informed consent? - correct answersDescription of program, risks and benefits, responsibility of participant and trainer.Thisincludes a detailed description of the program, the risks and benefits associated with participation, a confidentiality clause, responsibilities of the participant, and documentation of acknowledgement and acceptance of terms described within the form. This should happen verbally and in writing. When should informed consent be obtained? - correct answersduring the initial interview process. From whom should informed consent be obtained? - correct answersThe client. B. Medical History and Health Appraisal - correct answersAdminister a detailed medical history/ health appraisal form and a lifestyle questionnaire (including exercise history ) and if necessary obtain a medical release from the clients primary physician. What Is the purpose of the medical history/health appraisal form? - correct answersThe purpose is that the trainer would identify known diseases ,and risk factors associated with coronary artery disease, asses lifestyle factors that may harm the client , and identify individuals who may require medical referral before starting an exercise program. What typical questions are included on a lifestyle questionnaire? - correct answersLifestyle questioners could typically vary of questions to evaluate personal choices and patterns related to dietary intake, management of stress, level of physical activity, and other practices that may affect the persons health. How should a personal trainer utilize the information obtained from a clients medical history/ health appraisal and lifestyle questionnaire ? - correct answersIdentify individuals with signs and symptoms of any risk factors ,positive coronary risk factors ,and reasons for clients to seek medical clearance. Why is it necessary to understand a clients exercise history? - correct answersIt helps the personal trainer to recognize individuals with little or no history of physical activity or exercise. Physical inactivity is a major contributing positive risk factor associated with the development of CAD (coronary artery and pulmonary disease) and requires evaluation to asses potential concerns and level of risk. How does a clients medical/health and exercise history affect the fitness evaluation? - correct answersTo identify individuals who may at increased risk and to stratify that risk. This an important step in determining the appropriateness of an activity,and identifying clients who require referral before beginning an exercise program. Who are the available health care professionals to whom a client may be referred? - correct answersA client must consult with a physician prior to participation. What reasons or situations may require a client to be referred to a health care professional? - correct answersPain,discomfort in chest, neck,Jaw, arms (lack of blood flow) Shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, shortness of breath,ankle edema,tachycardia (rapid heart rate), calf cramping, known heart murmur,unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities. C. Fitness evaluation 1. Conduct fitness evaluation - correct answers a. Vital signs (heart rate ,blood pressure) What is the protocol to measure blood pressure? - correct answers1. The client should be seated comfortably with back supported and legs not crossed, forearm exposed supinated. 2. Select appropriate cuff size. 3. The bladder of the cuff should cover at least 80% of the clients upper arm. 4. The cuff should be deflated at 2 or 3 mm/s, with the first and last audible sounds taken as the SBP and DBP, respectively. 5. Both tester and client should remain quiet during testing. How does a clients blood pressure change during various types of exercise? (aerobic vs, anaerobic) ? - correct answersAneorobic exercise you will have spikes of blood pressure. Aerobic will change but not drastically. b. Height What is a protocol for measuring height? - correct answers1. Client should remove all footwear. 2. Client should stand as erect as possible with feet flat on floor and heels together facing away from wall. 3. Instruct client to horizontally align the lowest point of the orbit of the eye with the opening of the ear. 4. Immediately before taking the measurement, instruct the client to take a deep breath and hold until the measurement has been taken. 5. Rest the anthropometer arm or measurement angle gently on the crown of the clients head. 6. Mark the wall or stabilize the anthropometer, and record the measurement to the nearest centimeter. What are the metric equivalents for measuring height? - correct answersIf only inches are available as a unit of measure, then record the value to the nearest 1/4 to 1/2 inch and convert measurement in inches to centimeters. c. weight What is a protocol for measuring weight? - correct answers1. A more accurate term to characterize body weight is body mass. 2. An accurate measurement of body mass can be taken only with a calibrated and certified scale. 3.Ask client to remove as much clothing and jewelry as possible. 4. Have client step onto the scale and remain as still as possible throughout measurement. 5. Record the weight to the nearest 1/4 pound. What are the metric equivalents for measuring bodyweight? - correct answersConvert the measurements in pounds to kilograms using the following equations. pounds(lb) divided by 2.2046 = kilograms (kg) d. body composition ( compares ratio of fat to length) What are typical body composition values of different populations? ( children, college-aged,adult, elderly, male, female, - correct answersLean body mass represents the weight of your muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and external organs. What is the protocol to measure skinfold thickness (gender-specific sites, method, trials etc)? - correct answers e. Girth measurements ( measurement around the middle of something) especially the persons waist. What are typical body composition values of different populations ( children, college-aged, adult,elderly, male,female,etc.)? - correct answers What is the protocol to measure skinfold thickness ( gender-specific sites, methods ,trials, etc) - correct answersSkinfold measurements are highly correlated with body density measurements from underwater weighing. Take all measurements on the right side of the body. Clients skin should be dry and free from lotion. Tests should always be taken before exercise. Measure and mark the skinfold site. Grasp the skinfold firmly between the thumb and index finger approximately 8cm (3inches) apart on a line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the skinfold. F. Muscular strength What is the value of assessing a clients muscular strength? - correct answersA minimal level of muscular strength is needed to preform daily activities, especially as one ages, and to participate in recreational or occupational activities without undue risk of injury. What protocols and techniques are appropriate to use when assessing muscular strength? - correct answersA 1-repetition maximum (1rm) bench press test may be used to measure upper body strength. Free weights are used.Provide a spotter and closely observe the technique. 1. Instruct client to warm up with alight resistance that easily allows 5 to 10 reps at 40% to 60% of their estimated 1rm. 2. provide a 1-minute rest period. 3.Estimate a warm up load that will allow the client to repeat 3 to 5 reps by adding as follows. Body area Absolute increase or percent increase Upper body exercise 10 to 20 pounds (4-9kg) or 5-10% lower body exercise 30 to 40 pounds(14 to 18 kg) or 10-20% 4. Provide a 2 minute rest period 5. Estimate a conservative, near maximum load that will allow the client to complete two or three reps by adding as follows: B. 1-repetition max leg press one repetition strength has very high face validity in that this test measures the exact ability it is designed to measure. No estimations are made by determining the results of this test. However, this test must also be reliable and have a standard operating procedure. What order should you give senior population if all were included in a training session? - correct answersthe warm-up and aerobic endurance activity is less strenuous and prepares this population for the more strenuous resistance exercise. Performing flexibility exercises after resistance training provides a muscle-relaxing conclusion to the training session. If a senior client is only performing resistance training in a given training session, 5 to 10 minutes of light aerobic activity should still be performed as part of a warm-up. G. Muscular endurance What is the value of assessing a clients muscular endurance? - correct answersAlong with muscle strength, muscular endurance is important for performing the activities of daily living as well as in recreational and occupational pursuits. - correct answers1. YMCA BENCH PRESS test is used to measure upper body endurance. measures upper body muscular endurance by assessing how many times a given weight can be moved at a given cadence. The YMCA bench press test assigns resistance based on gender and is performed at a pace of 30 repetitions per minute. The client will need to be spotted for this exercise. Set resistance at 80 lbs for male clients, 35 pounds for female clients. set the metronome cadence at 60 beats/min to establish a rate of 30 repetitions per minute. Client should begin with arms extended and a shoulder width grip, and lower weight to chest. Without pausing the client should raise the bar to full arms length with smooth and controlled movement, with the bar reaching its highest and lowest positions with each beat of the metronome. Terminate the test when client can no longer lift the barbell in cadence with the metromone. 2. PARTIAL CURL- UP test which measures the endurance of the ab muscles Client will lie in a supine position on a mat with knees at 90 degrees with arms on floor with fingers touching a 4-inch piece of masking tape placed on the floor perpendicular to the fingers. A second piece of masking tape is placed 1o cm beyond but parallel to the first. Set a metronome (25 curl ups per minute). The low back should be flattened before curling up. Direct the client to perform as many curl-ups as possible without pausing, up to a maximum of 25. 3. PRONE DOUBLE STRAIGHT-LEG RAISE TEST which has been shown to be useful for examining low back muscular endurance and predicting potential low back pain. Client will lie on a massage table. Client will begin in a prone position legs extended, hands underneath the forehead and forearms perpendicular to the body. Instruct client to raise both legs to the point of knee clearance from the table. Record the tes H. speed/agility/power What are the values of assessing a clients speed, agility, or power? - correct answers