PSY 120 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
FINAL EXAM
Define development and describe the differences between 1. chronological age 2.
biological age 3. psychological age 4 social age - Answer -(pg 7) 1. How old a person is
2. age according to health 3. adaptive capabilities compared to people of the same age
4. norms and rules that a person fits into a certain age
1. Describe the physical development that occurs from birth to 12 years. 2. What is the
difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal development? - Answer -( pg 14)
1. It's top to bottom, head big then legs grow out 2. Ceph: head to tail Prox: head to
feet/limbs (mike wazowski)
What is the difference between 1. nature vs. nurture, 2 quantitative vs. qualitiative
development, and 3. define what is meant by a discontinuous vs. continuous
development? - Answer -(pg 13) 1. Genetics vs. environment 2. amount of traits vs.
types of changes 3. instant, phases, like a butterfly vs. slow development like a tree
Define and give an example of a Critical period - Answer -(pg 14) Change or growth
sensitivity and learning. Imprinting is an example
Identify the different ways the child and adolescent have been viewed throughout
history? - Answer -(pg 17) Greek Times: nature and nurture, kid to adult ,
discontinuous, qualitative, need to be educated
Middle Ages: nature, baby adults, evil, workers
Locke's: Tabula Rosa, neutral behaviorism
Rousseau: humanism, kids are good, need higher education
Identify the 6 psychological perspectives on development - Answer -(pg 19) 1.
Psychoanalytic 2. Cognitive 3. Behaviorist 4. Ethological 5. Ecological 6. Christian
Describe the key aspects of the psychoanalytic theory - Answer -(pg 24) Freud 5
stages, Erickson 8 stages, unconscious desires determine the persistent behavior
List Freud's Stages of development - Answer -(pg 30) 1. Oral: Feeding, crying, babbling
2. Anal: birth of ego, psychic wishes 3. Phallic: super-ego begins, weird parent stuff 4.
Latency: superego develop strength, ego defense mechanisms 5. Genital: ego develops
more, for mate
List Erikson's 8 stages of psycho-social development - Answer -(pg 32) 1. trust vs.
mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame 3. initiate and guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. Identity vs
role confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. care for others vs. self-indulgence 8. integrity
vs. despair
, Describe Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development - Answer -(pg 33) 1. Sensorimotor
birth to 2 years: object permanence, concept exists but you cant see it
2. Preoperational 2-7: drawing, labels, freedom to use symbols
3. concrete operational 7-11/15 adult: water in diff glasses same amount
4. Formal Operational 15 to adult: chemistry, physics, hypothetical and abstract thinking
How do developmental scientists study development?
Define 1. cross sectional 2. longitudinal 3. sequential, and
4. how the approaches control cohort effect - Answer -(pg 41) 1. simultaneously
compares to individuals of different ages 2. same people studied over a period of time
3. May have the same problems as longitudinal and cross-sectional strategies, but the
design itself helps identify difficulties with groups over time. 4. Experiences shared by
people like 9/11
Define and differentiate mitosis and meiosis - Answer -Meiosis: divides to form 4 cells
Mitosis: splitting cells to make two more
Describe chromosomal and genetic abnormalities - Answer -Klinefelter's syndrome:
small testes, less masculine features
Turner's syndrome: shorter than average, stubby fingers and toes, broad chest
XYY syndrome: males have extra Y syndrome
Identify and briefly describe the prenatal tests used to assess the baby's development -
Answer -(pg 75) Ultrasound, chronic villus, amniocentesis, maternal blood screening,
fetal MRI
Define teratogen and identify the periods of greatest vulnerability to the developing baby
- Answer -(pg. 67) Harmful substances to the baby such as drugs, prescriptions
environmental toxins, stress, especially harmful during critical times of development
Describe FAS - Answer -(pg. 68) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, can have affects like
hypoxia, smaller head, slows critical period, some retardation risks
Define 1. endoderm 2. mesoderm 3. ectoderm - Answer -(pg. 59) 1. Inside layer lining
the internal organs, stomach, lungs, intestines
2. middle, muscle, bones, blood, heart, spleen
3. outside, skin, nerves, eye lenses, hair
Differentiate between the 1. germinal 2. embryonic 3. fetal stages - Answer -(pg. 62) 1.
Zygote, cell division to blastocyst, implanting to uterine wall
2. embryo is a tenth of an inch long and shaped like an "S", forms features like nose,
fingers
3. fetus is 1-3+ inch long and more features visible, eyes closed, ear buds form, baby
begans to bend arms, kick, fists, heartbeat can be heard
FINAL EXAM
Define development and describe the differences between 1. chronological age 2.
biological age 3. psychological age 4 social age - Answer -(pg 7) 1. How old a person is
2. age according to health 3. adaptive capabilities compared to people of the same age
4. norms and rules that a person fits into a certain age
1. Describe the physical development that occurs from birth to 12 years. 2. What is the
difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal development? - Answer -( pg 14)
1. It's top to bottom, head big then legs grow out 2. Ceph: head to tail Prox: head to
feet/limbs (mike wazowski)
What is the difference between 1. nature vs. nurture, 2 quantitative vs. qualitiative
development, and 3. define what is meant by a discontinuous vs. continuous
development? - Answer -(pg 13) 1. Genetics vs. environment 2. amount of traits vs.
types of changes 3. instant, phases, like a butterfly vs. slow development like a tree
Define and give an example of a Critical period - Answer -(pg 14) Change or growth
sensitivity and learning. Imprinting is an example
Identify the different ways the child and adolescent have been viewed throughout
history? - Answer -(pg 17) Greek Times: nature and nurture, kid to adult ,
discontinuous, qualitative, need to be educated
Middle Ages: nature, baby adults, evil, workers
Locke's: Tabula Rosa, neutral behaviorism
Rousseau: humanism, kids are good, need higher education
Identify the 6 psychological perspectives on development - Answer -(pg 19) 1.
Psychoanalytic 2. Cognitive 3. Behaviorist 4. Ethological 5. Ecological 6. Christian
Describe the key aspects of the psychoanalytic theory - Answer -(pg 24) Freud 5
stages, Erickson 8 stages, unconscious desires determine the persistent behavior
List Freud's Stages of development - Answer -(pg 30) 1. Oral: Feeding, crying, babbling
2. Anal: birth of ego, psychic wishes 3. Phallic: super-ego begins, weird parent stuff 4.
Latency: superego develop strength, ego defense mechanisms 5. Genital: ego develops
more, for mate
List Erikson's 8 stages of psycho-social development - Answer -(pg 32) 1. trust vs.
mistrust 2. Autonomy vs shame 3. initiate and guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. Identity vs
role confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. care for others vs. self-indulgence 8. integrity
vs. despair
, Describe Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development - Answer -(pg 33) 1. Sensorimotor
birth to 2 years: object permanence, concept exists but you cant see it
2. Preoperational 2-7: drawing, labels, freedom to use symbols
3. concrete operational 7-11/15 adult: water in diff glasses same amount
4. Formal Operational 15 to adult: chemistry, physics, hypothetical and abstract thinking
How do developmental scientists study development?
Define 1. cross sectional 2. longitudinal 3. sequential, and
4. how the approaches control cohort effect - Answer -(pg 41) 1. simultaneously
compares to individuals of different ages 2. same people studied over a period of time
3. May have the same problems as longitudinal and cross-sectional strategies, but the
design itself helps identify difficulties with groups over time. 4. Experiences shared by
people like 9/11
Define and differentiate mitosis and meiosis - Answer -Meiosis: divides to form 4 cells
Mitosis: splitting cells to make two more
Describe chromosomal and genetic abnormalities - Answer -Klinefelter's syndrome:
small testes, less masculine features
Turner's syndrome: shorter than average, stubby fingers and toes, broad chest
XYY syndrome: males have extra Y syndrome
Identify and briefly describe the prenatal tests used to assess the baby's development -
Answer -(pg 75) Ultrasound, chronic villus, amniocentesis, maternal blood screening,
fetal MRI
Define teratogen and identify the periods of greatest vulnerability to the developing baby
- Answer -(pg. 67) Harmful substances to the baby such as drugs, prescriptions
environmental toxins, stress, especially harmful during critical times of development
Describe FAS - Answer -(pg. 68) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, can have affects like
hypoxia, smaller head, slows critical period, some retardation risks
Define 1. endoderm 2. mesoderm 3. ectoderm - Answer -(pg. 59) 1. Inside layer lining
the internal organs, stomach, lungs, intestines
2. middle, muscle, bones, blood, heart, spleen
3. outside, skin, nerves, eye lenses, hair
Differentiate between the 1. germinal 2. embryonic 3. fetal stages - Answer -(pg. 62) 1.
Zygote, cell division to blastocyst, implanting to uterine wall
2. embryo is a tenth of an inch long and shaped like an "S", forms features like nose,
fingers
3. fetus is 1-3+ inch long and more features visible, eyes closed, ear buds form, baby
begans to bend arms, kick, fists, heartbeat can be heard
