GMS6401 Renal Final Exam Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
what is the main/primary function of the kidney [Ans:] to
maintain homeostasis
what does the kidney excrete [Ans:] waste products like
urea
drugs
what does the kidney make [Ans:] -glucose (for
emergencies)
-ammonia
-bicarbonate
-arginine (an amino acid)
-renin (an enzyme)
-erythropoietin (hormone)
-1-25 (OH)2 (form of vitamin d) (hormone) (essential for
mineral metabolism)
what is the role of renin [Ans:] critical for balance of
sodium
,what is the role of erythropoietin [Ans:] acts on bone
marrow to help with RBC release
how many kidneys are there are what lies on top of them
[Ans:] -2
-adrenal gland
what is the kidneys location in the abdominal cavity
[Ans:] retroperitoneal (means at back of cavity)
and encased in fat (stabilizes the kidney)
where do the kidneys receive blood from [Ans:] the
abdominal aorta to renal artery
where do kidneys send blood to [Ans:] through the renal
vein to the vena cava
how many lobes make up the kidneys [Ans:] 10-12
what is the outer part of the kidney called [Ans:] the
cortex
what is the inner part of the kidney called [Ans:] the
medulla
once urine leaves the medulla, what does it go through
[Ans:] the minor and major calyces
what is the process of voluntarily removing urine from the
body called [Ans:] micturition
,the kidney tubules are made up of what kind of cells
[Ans:] epithelial
what are the two main sets of structures that make up the
kidneys [Ans:] -tubules
-blood vessels
what are the names of the successive branches that come
off the renal artery into the kidney [Ans:] -segmental
arteries
-interlobar arteries (surround each lobe in kidney)
-arcuate arteries (between medulla and cortex)
-interlobular arteries (aka cortical radial)
what is the first resistant site in the kidney [Ans:] the
interlobular/cortical radial arteries
what kinds of arteries come off the cortical radial arteries
[Ans:] -afferent arterioles (go into glomerulus)
-glomerular capillaries
-efferent arterioles (go away from glomerulus)
where are the peritubular capillaries located [Ans:] -
entirely in the cortex
-surround proximal and distal tubules
, where are all glomeruli located [Ans:] in the cortex
where are the resistance vessels located for the
glomerular capillaries [Ans:] both before and after it
what are the two types of glomeruli [Ans:] -cortical (90%,
outer 2/3 of cortex)
-juxtamedullary (10%, inner 1/3rd of cortex)
what is the nephron composed of [Ans:] glomerulus and
tubule
what is the role of the vasa recta [Ans:] -make a
concentrated and dilute urine
what is the main thing that happens in the tubule [Ans:]
modification of the filtrate
what makes up the renal corpuscle [Ans:] -glomerular
capillary
-surrounding epithelial layer
-bowman's capsule
are there any contractile cells in the glomerular capillaries
[Ans:] no
what is the unique type of cell found in the glomerulus
[Ans:] -mesangial cells
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
what is the main/primary function of the kidney [Ans:] to
maintain homeostasis
what does the kidney excrete [Ans:] waste products like
urea
drugs
what does the kidney make [Ans:] -glucose (for
emergencies)
-ammonia
-bicarbonate
-arginine (an amino acid)
-renin (an enzyme)
-erythropoietin (hormone)
-1-25 (OH)2 (form of vitamin d) (hormone) (essential for
mineral metabolism)
what is the role of renin [Ans:] critical for balance of
sodium
,what is the role of erythropoietin [Ans:] acts on bone
marrow to help with RBC release
how many kidneys are there are what lies on top of them
[Ans:] -2
-adrenal gland
what is the kidneys location in the abdominal cavity
[Ans:] retroperitoneal (means at back of cavity)
and encased in fat (stabilizes the kidney)
where do the kidneys receive blood from [Ans:] the
abdominal aorta to renal artery
where do kidneys send blood to [Ans:] through the renal
vein to the vena cava
how many lobes make up the kidneys [Ans:] 10-12
what is the outer part of the kidney called [Ans:] the
cortex
what is the inner part of the kidney called [Ans:] the
medulla
once urine leaves the medulla, what does it go through
[Ans:] the minor and major calyces
what is the process of voluntarily removing urine from the
body called [Ans:] micturition
,the kidney tubules are made up of what kind of cells
[Ans:] epithelial
what are the two main sets of structures that make up the
kidneys [Ans:] -tubules
-blood vessels
what are the names of the successive branches that come
off the renal artery into the kidney [Ans:] -segmental
arteries
-interlobar arteries (surround each lobe in kidney)
-arcuate arteries (between medulla and cortex)
-interlobular arteries (aka cortical radial)
what is the first resistant site in the kidney [Ans:] the
interlobular/cortical radial arteries
what kinds of arteries come off the cortical radial arteries
[Ans:] -afferent arterioles (go into glomerulus)
-glomerular capillaries
-efferent arterioles (go away from glomerulus)
where are the peritubular capillaries located [Ans:] -
entirely in the cortex
-surround proximal and distal tubules
, where are all glomeruli located [Ans:] in the cortex
where are the resistance vessels located for the
glomerular capillaries [Ans:] both before and after it
what are the two types of glomeruli [Ans:] -cortical (90%,
outer 2/3 of cortex)
-juxtamedullary (10%, inner 1/3rd of cortex)
what is the nephron composed of [Ans:] glomerulus and
tubule
what is the role of the vasa recta [Ans:] -make a
concentrated and dilute urine
what is the main thing that happens in the tubule [Ans:]
modification of the filtrate
what makes up the renal corpuscle [Ans:] -glomerular
capillary
-surrounding epithelial layer
-bowman's capsule
are there any contractile cells in the glomerular capillaries
[Ans:] no
what is the unique type of cell found in the glomerulus
[Ans:] -mesangial cells
