NURS 8022 Final Specific Questions
Revised Study Guide Set Complete With
100% Correct Answers
NURS 8022 Final Specific
\.What are the 3 components of a neuron?
cell body (soma), dendrites, axons
\.The cell body (soma) is located where?
Mainly in the CNS
\.What are the densely packed cell bodies in the PNS called?
Ganglia or plexuses
\.What are the densely packed cell bodies in the CNS called?
Nuclei
\.What do dendrites do?
carry nerve impulses toward the cell body (afferent)
\.What do axons do?
Carry impulses away from the cell body (efferent)
\.What do associational (interneurons) do?
Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
\.What is the delicate layer of connective tissue around each axon called?
Endoneurium
\.This is a thin membrane between the myelin sheath and the endoneurium?
Neurolemma
,\.The neuroglial (glial) cells are sometimes called?
Nerve glue
\.What is the purpose of the neuroglial cells?
Give support, nurture, and protect neurons
\.What are the types of neuroglial cells?
Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, Ependymal cells, and Microglia
\.What do astrocytes do?
form blood brain barrier, are the "Housekeepers" for neurons
\.What are the oligodendroglia (oligodendrocytes)?
The CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells that deposit myelin within the CNS
\.What do ependymal cells do?
produce CSF and line CSF filled cavities of the CNS (ventricles)
\.What do microglia do?
Remove debris (phagocytosis) in the CNS
\.What do Schwann cells do?
Also called neurolemmocytes, these glial cells wrap around and cover axons in the PNS forming
and maintaining the myelin sheath
\.What is considered the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
\.What is the peripheral nervous system?
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
\.The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are considered part of which nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system
\.Where is the autonomic nervous system located?
CNS and PNS
\.Preganglionic neurons are what?
,Myelinated
\.postganglionic neuron are what and where?
unmyelinated and terminate on the effector organ (postsynaptic/secondary neurons)
\.Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?
the CNS (brain stem or spinal cord)
\.In the PNS where do the preganglionic (efferent) neurons synapse?
With ganglionic neuron located in PNS
\.What is the path of an autonomic motor neuron?
CNS via preganglionic (primary neuron)--> autonomic ganglion-->post ganglionic (secondary
neuron)-->terminates at target organ
\.Where does the SNS originate from?
Thoracolumbar division
\.Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what from the secondary order neurons?
Epinephrine (vasodilation) and norepinephrine (vasoconstriction)
\.What is released in both the SNS and PNS at the primary/ first order neurons?
Acetylcholine
\.This results in an injury to preganglionic SYMPATHETIC trunk or postganglionic sympathetic
neurons of superior cervical ganglion?
Horner's Syndrome
\.What are clinical manifestations of Horner's syndrome?
Ipsilateral pupil constriction, sunken ipsilateral eyeball, ptosis of affected eye, lack of
perspiration of ipsilateral side of face
\.When there is a lesion interrupting an SNS fiber what would be some clinical
manifestations?
reddened skin, lack of sweating, constricted pupil on same side as lesion, and no goosebumps
\.Where does the PNS originate?
Cranial nerve nuclei and sacral region (craniosacral division)
, \.What is the main neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic postganglionic fibers?
Norepinephrine
\.What are the SNS neuroreceptors?
Alpha adrenergic and Beta adrenergic receptors
\.What are the cholinergic receptors?
nicotinic and muscarinic
\.Nicotinic receptors are involved mostly in what?
\.muscle contraction at NMJ or on adrenal medulla to release catecholamine
\.The neurotransmitter released by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers is?
Acetylcholine
\.muscarinic receptors do what?
Contraction of smooth muscle
\.When an axon is severed what typical sequence occurs?
Wallerian degeneration
\.What is Wallerian degeneration?
Degeneration of a nerve fiber that has been separated from its nutritive source by injury or
disease
\.Regeneration of nerve fibers occurs in what type of nerve (myelinated or unmyelinated)?
Limited to myelinated axons only
\.What occurs in a nerve injury to the axon DISTAL (below)to the cut?
axon portion degenerates and disappears (breakdown occurs in antegrade fashion)
\.What occurs in an injury to a nerve that is PROXIMAL(Above) to the injury?
Similar changes occur but only back as far as the next node of Ranvier, new terminal sprouts
from proximal segment within 7-14 days
\.What results when neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical impulses by
selectively changing the electrical portion of their plasma membranes and influencing other
nearby neurons by the release of neurotransmitters?
Revised Study Guide Set Complete With
100% Correct Answers
NURS 8022 Final Specific
\.What are the 3 components of a neuron?
cell body (soma), dendrites, axons
\.The cell body (soma) is located where?
Mainly in the CNS
\.What are the densely packed cell bodies in the PNS called?
Ganglia or plexuses
\.What are the densely packed cell bodies in the CNS called?
Nuclei
\.What do dendrites do?
carry nerve impulses toward the cell body (afferent)
\.What do axons do?
Carry impulses away from the cell body (efferent)
\.What do associational (interneurons) do?
Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
\.What is the delicate layer of connective tissue around each axon called?
Endoneurium
\.This is a thin membrane between the myelin sheath and the endoneurium?
Neurolemma
,\.The neuroglial (glial) cells are sometimes called?
Nerve glue
\.What is the purpose of the neuroglial cells?
Give support, nurture, and protect neurons
\.What are the types of neuroglial cells?
Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, Ependymal cells, and Microglia
\.What do astrocytes do?
form blood brain barrier, are the "Housekeepers" for neurons
\.What are the oligodendroglia (oligodendrocytes)?
The CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells that deposit myelin within the CNS
\.What do ependymal cells do?
produce CSF and line CSF filled cavities of the CNS (ventricles)
\.What do microglia do?
Remove debris (phagocytosis) in the CNS
\.What do Schwann cells do?
Also called neurolemmocytes, these glial cells wrap around and cover axons in the PNS forming
and maintaining the myelin sheath
\.What is considered the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
\.What is the peripheral nervous system?
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
\.The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are considered part of which nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system
\.Where is the autonomic nervous system located?
CNS and PNS
\.Preganglionic neurons are what?
,Myelinated
\.postganglionic neuron are what and where?
unmyelinated and terminate on the effector organ (postsynaptic/secondary neurons)
\.Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?
the CNS (brain stem or spinal cord)
\.In the PNS where do the preganglionic (efferent) neurons synapse?
With ganglionic neuron located in PNS
\.What is the path of an autonomic motor neuron?
CNS via preganglionic (primary neuron)--> autonomic ganglion-->post ganglionic (secondary
neuron)-->terminates at target organ
\.Where does the SNS originate from?
Thoracolumbar division
\.Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what from the secondary order neurons?
Epinephrine (vasodilation) and norepinephrine (vasoconstriction)
\.What is released in both the SNS and PNS at the primary/ first order neurons?
Acetylcholine
\.This results in an injury to preganglionic SYMPATHETIC trunk or postganglionic sympathetic
neurons of superior cervical ganglion?
Horner's Syndrome
\.What are clinical manifestations of Horner's syndrome?
Ipsilateral pupil constriction, sunken ipsilateral eyeball, ptosis of affected eye, lack of
perspiration of ipsilateral side of face
\.When there is a lesion interrupting an SNS fiber what would be some clinical
manifestations?
reddened skin, lack of sweating, constricted pupil on same side as lesion, and no goosebumps
\.Where does the PNS originate?
Cranial nerve nuclei and sacral region (craniosacral division)
, \.What is the main neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic postganglionic fibers?
Norepinephrine
\.What are the SNS neuroreceptors?
Alpha adrenergic and Beta adrenergic receptors
\.What are the cholinergic receptors?
nicotinic and muscarinic
\.Nicotinic receptors are involved mostly in what?
\.muscle contraction at NMJ or on adrenal medulla to release catecholamine
\.The neurotransmitter released by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers is?
Acetylcholine
\.muscarinic receptors do what?
Contraction of smooth muscle
\.When an axon is severed what typical sequence occurs?
Wallerian degeneration
\.What is Wallerian degeneration?
Degeneration of a nerve fiber that has been separated from its nutritive source by injury or
disease
\.Regeneration of nerve fibers occurs in what type of nerve (myelinated or unmyelinated)?
Limited to myelinated axons only
\.What occurs in a nerve injury to the axon DISTAL (below)to the cut?
axon portion degenerates and disappears (breakdown occurs in antegrade fashion)
\.What occurs in an injury to a nerve that is PROXIMAL(Above) to the injury?
Similar changes occur but only back as far as the next node of Ranvier, new terminal sprouts
from proximal segment within 7-14 days
\.What results when neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical impulses by
selectively changing the electrical portion of their plasma membranes and influencing other
nearby neurons by the release of neurotransmitters?
