Pharmacology Final Exam review
(questions from ATI book and evolve)
Latest Update 2025/2026 GRADED A+
The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What
is the term for this concept? - correct answerPharmacodynamics (drug impacts body)
Which incorrect statement by a new nurse indicates that further study is needed? -
correct answerDrugs are defined as substances that have been FDA approved.
What are the three most important characteristics that any drug can have? Select all
that apply - correct answer-effectiveness (does it work or not)
-safety
-selectivity
Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of
pharmacokinetics? - correct answer"It explains how drugs are absorbed and
distributed."
What are the 4 process of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
What does the nurse review when studying the impact a drug has on the body? - correct
answerhe drug's pharmacodynamics
The nurse teaches a patient not to consume alcohol with nitroglycerin, because blood
pressure often drops significantly when nitroglycerin is taken with alcohol. Which drug
property does this illustrate? - correct answerDrug Interaction
Prior to administering drug X to treat a patient's high blood pressure, the nurse reviews
information about the drug. The nurse finds that it reduces blood pressure without
serious harmful effects, but it also causes the patient to have nausea and a headache.
Based on this information, which property of an ideal drug is this drug lacking? - correct
answerselectivity (more selective a drug=less side effects/adverse effects)
Characteristics unique to each patient can influence pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic processes. What characteristics may determine the patient's
response to a drug? Select all that apply. - correct answer-age
-weight
,-gender
-genetics
Pharmacotherapeutics - correct answerhow drugs produce effects, both therapeutic,
and adverse reactions, reasons and rationales
A patient is given an opioid analgesic their RR is 8, HR is 82, and BP 120/78. What
nursing intervention would you do? - correct answer-give naloxene to reverse opiod
effects because pt's respiratory was extremely low.
Medication error - correct answercan harm the patient and can be potentially fatal ( you
must first assess the patient, make sure his condition is stabilized, let a supervisor know
or HCP, and file an incident report)
If your protein(albumin) levels are low what happens to the drug in your body? - correct
answerdrug is free in body which can lead to toxicity of drug accumulation
If two drugs are competing for the same protein receptor or other receptor what
happens? - correct answer-the one with the stronger affinity/dose is bound to the
receptor which leads for the other drug to move freely around the body.
What are the 6 drug rights for medication administration? - correct answer1. right patient
2.right drug
3. right dose
4.right route
5. Right time
6. right documentation
7.right indication
8.right refusal
Why is it important to educate our patients about drug therapy? - correct answerto make
sure that our patient is compliant (patient care and patient education)
What is the nurse's role as an advocate? - correct answerwe are the last line of defense
for the patient
Preadministration assessment - correct answer-collecting baseline data (vitals, labs, otc
meds/other meds, PMH, allergies)
-identifying high risk patients ( liver and kidney impairment, genetic factors, drug
allergies, pregnant patients, older adults, pediatric group)
Dosage and Administration - correct answer-certain drugs have more than one
indication
-many drugs are administered more than one route
-dosage may differ depending on route selected
-certain intravenous agents can cause severe local injury if extravasation occurs.
, -read medication order carefully
-verfiy pt. identity
-read medication label carefully
-verify dosage calculations
-implement special handling of drugs may require
-do not administer any drug if you do not understand the reason for its use.
Give the patient the following information about a drug? - correct answer1.name of drug
2. dosage and schedule of adminstration
3. technique of administration
4. duration of drug use
5. storage of drug
Food and Drug Administration - correct answerregulates the development and sales of
drugs to assure safety and efficacy.
Stages of Research - correct answera drug must pass through several stage of
development before receiving final approval to be marketed.
Stages of new development - correct answer1. Preclinical testing
-test on animals
-evaluate (toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, potentially useful biologic effect)
-*may take 1-5 years*
2. Phase I
-*tightly controlled*
-normal volunteers
- effects on humans
- evaluates drug metabolism
3. Phase II and Phase III
-tested in patients with the disease the drug is intended to treat
-duration of phases 3-6 months
-after phase III, application for conditional
-approval is made
4. *Phase IV: Postmarketing surveillance*
-conditional approval from FDA
-*usage is for the general population*
-new side effects may be discovered
-voluntary reporting by HCP is essential
Generic Name - correct answer-assigned by US adopted
-name council
-each drug has only one generic name
-usually long and difficult to pronounce
Trade name - correct answer-proprietary or brand name
-may be large in number
(questions from ATI book and evolve)
Latest Update 2025/2026 GRADED A+
The nurse recognizes that the administration of a drug influences cell physiology. What
is the term for this concept? - correct answerPharmacodynamics (drug impacts body)
Which incorrect statement by a new nurse indicates that further study is needed? -
correct answerDrugs are defined as substances that have been FDA approved.
What are the three most important characteristics that any drug can have? Select all
that apply - correct answer-effectiveness (does it work or not)
-safety
-selectivity
Which statement best indicates that the nurse understands the meaning of
pharmacokinetics? - correct answer"It explains how drugs are absorbed and
distributed."
What are the 4 process of pharmacokinetics? - correct answer-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
What does the nurse review when studying the impact a drug has on the body? - correct
answerhe drug's pharmacodynamics
The nurse teaches a patient not to consume alcohol with nitroglycerin, because blood
pressure often drops significantly when nitroglycerin is taken with alcohol. Which drug
property does this illustrate? - correct answerDrug Interaction
Prior to administering drug X to treat a patient's high blood pressure, the nurse reviews
information about the drug. The nurse finds that it reduces blood pressure without
serious harmful effects, but it also causes the patient to have nausea and a headache.
Based on this information, which property of an ideal drug is this drug lacking? - correct
answerselectivity (more selective a drug=less side effects/adverse effects)
Characteristics unique to each patient can influence pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic processes. What characteristics may determine the patient's
response to a drug? Select all that apply. - correct answer-age
-weight
,-gender
-genetics
Pharmacotherapeutics - correct answerhow drugs produce effects, both therapeutic,
and adverse reactions, reasons and rationales
A patient is given an opioid analgesic their RR is 8, HR is 82, and BP 120/78. What
nursing intervention would you do? - correct answer-give naloxene to reverse opiod
effects because pt's respiratory was extremely low.
Medication error - correct answercan harm the patient and can be potentially fatal ( you
must first assess the patient, make sure his condition is stabilized, let a supervisor know
or HCP, and file an incident report)
If your protein(albumin) levels are low what happens to the drug in your body? - correct
answerdrug is free in body which can lead to toxicity of drug accumulation
If two drugs are competing for the same protein receptor or other receptor what
happens? - correct answer-the one with the stronger affinity/dose is bound to the
receptor which leads for the other drug to move freely around the body.
What are the 6 drug rights for medication administration? - correct answer1. right patient
2.right drug
3. right dose
4.right route
5. Right time
6. right documentation
7.right indication
8.right refusal
Why is it important to educate our patients about drug therapy? - correct answerto make
sure that our patient is compliant (patient care and patient education)
What is the nurse's role as an advocate? - correct answerwe are the last line of defense
for the patient
Preadministration assessment - correct answer-collecting baseline data (vitals, labs, otc
meds/other meds, PMH, allergies)
-identifying high risk patients ( liver and kidney impairment, genetic factors, drug
allergies, pregnant patients, older adults, pediatric group)
Dosage and Administration - correct answer-certain drugs have more than one
indication
-many drugs are administered more than one route
-dosage may differ depending on route selected
-certain intravenous agents can cause severe local injury if extravasation occurs.
, -read medication order carefully
-verfiy pt. identity
-read medication label carefully
-verify dosage calculations
-implement special handling of drugs may require
-do not administer any drug if you do not understand the reason for its use.
Give the patient the following information about a drug? - correct answer1.name of drug
2. dosage and schedule of adminstration
3. technique of administration
4. duration of drug use
5. storage of drug
Food and Drug Administration - correct answerregulates the development and sales of
drugs to assure safety and efficacy.
Stages of Research - correct answera drug must pass through several stage of
development before receiving final approval to be marketed.
Stages of new development - correct answer1. Preclinical testing
-test on animals
-evaluate (toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, potentially useful biologic effect)
-*may take 1-5 years*
2. Phase I
-*tightly controlled*
-normal volunteers
- effects on humans
- evaluates drug metabolism
3. Phase II and Phase III
-tested in patients with the disease the drug is intended to treat
-duration of phases 3-6 months
-after phase III, application for conditional
-approval is made
4. *Phase IV: Postmarketing surveillance*
-conditional approval from FDA
-*usage is for the general population*
-new side effects may be discovered
-voluntary reporting by HCP is essential
Generic Name - correct answer-assigned by US adopted
-name council
-each drug has only one generic name
-usually long and difficult to pronounce
Trade name - correct answer-proprietary or brand name
-may be large in number
