AVIT 309 EXAM 2 & 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answer -Visual,
Vestibular, Proprioception
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answer -90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Movement and Body
position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Angular accerlation
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answer -Otolith organs and
Semi-Circular Canals
What should be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answer -Less
than 3 degrees a second
What are the two main components of human visual systems? - Answer -Peripheral
and Central
What are the three phases of vision? - Answer -Photopic, Scotopic, Mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answer -Central Vision, Central 2 degree cone
How large is the human perceptible field of view? - Answer -120 x 120
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answer -Central 2
degrees/central vision
What are the 2 technologies used for enhanced visual systems? - Answer -Light
Intensification and Infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instruments versus outside
the aircraft? - Answer -3/4 outside 1/4 inside
True or false: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating - Answer -
True
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? -
Answer -The horizon
Ture or false: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be skipped
- Answer -True
, What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO related accidents? -
Answer -1000+ hours, 10 years, very experienced
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking
turn? - Answer -Optokinetic Cervical Reflex
Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an
extended turn? - Answer -Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up
during acceleration in low vis conditions? - Answer -Somatogravic Illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn?
- Answer -Somatogyric Illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a subthreshold turn? - Answer -Graveyard Spin
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? -
Answer -20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? -
Answer -Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the
approach and landing phases of flight? - Answer -50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reason? - Answer -Deviation
from glideslope
What 2 physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answer -Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the 3 major landing illusion components? - Answer -Airport environment,
Runway environment, Weather conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a
pilot to estimate altitude? - Answer -Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches makes them create a visual illusion? - Answer -
Lack of ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an upsloping runway create? - Answer -Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answer -Higher and
farther away from the threshold
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answer -Visual,
Vestibular, Proprioception
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answer -90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Movement and Body
position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Angular accerlation
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answer -Otolith organs and
Semi-Circular Canals
What should be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answer -Less
than 3 degrees a second
What are the two main components of human visual systems? - Answer -Peripheral
and Central
What are the three phases of vision? - Answer -Photopic, Scotopic, Mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answer -Central Vision, Central 2 degree cone
How large is the human perceptible field of view? - Answer -120 x 120
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answer -Central 2
degrees/central vision
What are the 2 technologies used for enhanced visual systems? - Answer -Light
Intensification and Infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instruments versus outside
the aircraft? - Answer -3/4 outside 1/4 inside
True or false: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating - Answer -
True
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? -
Answer -The horizon
Ture or false: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be skipped
- Answer -True
, What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO related accidents? -
Answer -1000+ hours, 10 years, very experienced
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking
turn? - Answer -Optokinetic Cervical Reflex
Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an
extended turn? - Answer -Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up
during acceleration in low vis conditions? - Answer -Somatogravic Illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn?
- Answer -Somatogyric Illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a subthreshold turn? - Answer -Graveyard Spin
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? -
Answer -20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? -
Answer -Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the
approach and landing phases of flight? - Answer -50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reason? - Answer -Deviation
from glideslope
What 2 physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answer -Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the 3 major landing illusion components? - Answer -Airport environment,
Runway environment, Weather conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a
pilot to estimate altitude? - Answer -Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches makes them create a visual illusion? - Answer -
Lack of ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an upsloping runway create? - Answer -Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answer -Higher and
farther away from the threshold
