AVIT 309 - BLOCK 2 EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answer -Proprioception,
vestibular, and visual
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answer -90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Movement and body
position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Angular acceleration
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answer -Semi-circular
canals & otolith organs
What would be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answer -Less than
3 degrees per second
What are the two main components of human visual system? - Answer -Central &
peripheral
What are the three phases of vision? - Answer -Photopic, scotoptic, and mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answer -Central vision, central 2 degree cone
How large is human perceptible field of view? - Answer -120 x 120 degrees
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? -
Answer -The horizon
True or False: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be
skipped. - Answer -True
What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO-related accidents? -
Answer -10 years/1,000 hours
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking
turn? - Answer -Optokinetic cervical reflex
Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an
extended turn? - Answer -Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up
during during acceleration in low-visibility conditions? - Answer -Somatogravic illusion
, Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn?
- Answer -Somatogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a sub-threshold turn? - Answer -Graveyard
spiral
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? -
Answer -20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? -
Answer -Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the
approach and landing phases of flight? - Answer -50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reasons? - Answer -Deviation
from glideslope
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answer -Central, 2
degrees/central vision
What are the two new technologies used for enhanced vision systems? - Answer -Light
intensification and infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instrument versus outside
the aircraft? - Answer -1/4 time inside, 3/4 time outside
True or False: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating. - Answer -
True
What two physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answer -Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the three major landing illusion components? - Answer -Airport Environment,
Runway Environment, and Weather Conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a
pilot to estimate altitude? - Answer -Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches make them create a visual illusion? - Answer -Lack
of ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an up-sloping runway create? - Answer -Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answer -Higher & farther
away from threshold
What are the three primary sources of orientation in aviation? - Answer -Proprioception,
vestibular, and visual
What percentage of inflight orientation does visual orientation provide? - Answer -90%
Proprioceptive senses allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Movement and body
position
Vestibular sense allow humans to sense what? - Answer -Angular acceleration
What two components make up the vestibular apparatus? - Answer -Semi-circular
canals & otolith organs
What would be the speed of a turn for sub-threshold acceleration? - Answer -Less than
3 degrees per second
What are the two main components of human visual system? - Answer -Central &
peripheral
What are the three phases of vision? - Answer -Photopic, scotoptic, and mesopic
Where is peak visual acuity located? - Answer -Central vision, central 2 degree cone
How large is human perceptible field of view? - Answer -120 x 120 degrees
SDO typically happens when an aviator cannot visually confirm orientation with what? -
Answer -The horizon
True or False: Fatigue may lead to SDO by causing routine tasks or scans to be
skipped. - Answer -True
What is the average experience level for pilots involved in SDO-related accidents? -
Answer -10 years/1,000 hours
What compensatory reflexive action typically happens to a pilot's head in a banking
turn? - Answer -Optokinetic cervical reflex
Which SDO illusion affects a pilot's ability to focus their eyes after rolling out of an
extended turn? - Answer -Oculogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion causes a pilot to feel as if the aircraft nose suddenly pitched up
during during acceleration in low-visibility conditions? - Answer -Somatogravic illusion
, Which SDO illusion causes a turning sensation following roll-out from an extended turn?
- Answer -Somatogyric illusion
Which SDO illusion typically starts with a sub-threshold turn? - Answer -Graveyard
spiral
How long should one expect to fly straight and level for SDO symptoms to resolve? -
Answer -20-30 seconds
How much should pilots rely on vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during flight? -
Answer -Not at all
Historically, what percentage of commercial incidents and accidents happen in the
approach and landing phases of flight? - Answer -50%
Visual illusions cause incidents and accidents for what reasons? - Answer -Deviation
from glideslope
Where is the night visual blind spot located on the visual field? - Answer -Central, 2
degrees/central vision
What are the two new technologies used for enhanced vision systems? - Answer -Light
intensification and infrared
What is the recommendation for visual scanning inflight for instrument versus outside
the aircraft? - Answer -1/4 time inside, 3/4 time outside
True or False: SDO may rapidly transition from unnoticed to incapacitating. - Answer -
True
What two physiological factors may help create approach and landing visual illusions? -
Answer -Visual perspective and depth perception
What are the three major landing illusion components? - Answer -Airport Environment,
Runway Environment, and Weather Conditions
When a pilot looks at the ground, lack of what terrain feature may create difficulties for a
pilot to estimate altitude? - Answer -Lack of texture
What about Black Hole Approaches make them create a visual illusion? - Answer -Lack
of ambient visual cues along approach path
What illusion does an up-sloping runway create? - Answer -Steep approach path
What illusion does a narrower-than-normal runway create? - Answer -Higher & farther
away from threshold
