Plant Agriculture Pest Control: Category D Exam Multiple Choices Prep Questions And Answers.

Danger - correct answer Pesticides with the skull and bone are more dangerous because they are the most toxic. Oral LD50 up to 50 mg/kg or dermal LD50 up to 200mg/kg. Poison! Warning - correct answer Oral LD50 between 50 and 500 mg/kg or a dermal LD50 between 200 and 2,000 mg/kg. Moderately hazardous. Caution - correct answer Oral LD50 between 500 and 5,000 mg/kg and a dermal LD50 between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg. Slightly hazardous. Factors to Consider When Choosing Pesticides - correct answer- Selectivity - Toxicity - Available Formulations - Persistence in the Environment - Cost and Efficacy - Ease of Use and Compatibility - Effects on Beneficial Organisms - Restricted Entry Intervals and Harvest Restrictions - Movement in and Impact on the Environment Mode of Action - Contact - correct answer These pesticides work only on pests that they contact directly. Weeds die when a contact herbicide covers a sufficient surface area of the plant. Insects that are sprayed directly or have traveled across treated surfaces are affected by contact insecticides. Mode of Action - Systemic - correct answer Thes pesticides work when applied to a particular area of plant or animal. The pesticide is the translocated, or moved, throughout the organism's system. Insecticides - correct answer Borad-spectrum poisons. Consider the potential impact on nontarget organisms such as pollinators and natural enemies, animals, and people in the area, as well as its potential for moving off-site. Contact Insecticides - correct answer Provide control when target pests come into physical contact with it. Stomach poisons must be ingested. If pest feed on underside of leaves, an application of contact or stomach poison to the upper surface will not be effective. Systemic Insecticides - correct answer Taken up after application by the crop, plant or animal and move to other tissue within the organism. Sometimes beneficial insects or pollinators feeding on nectar from treated plants may also be affected. Contact Herbicides - correct answer Kill only the plant parts touched directly by the herbicide. Systemic Herbicides - correct answer Are absorbed by roots or aboveground plant tissue and are moved throughout the plants so that all it's parts are affected. Plant-Back Restriction - correct answerA restriction that limits the commodity that can be grown in an area for a designated period of time after a certain pesticide has been used. Fungicides Protectants - correct answer Must be applied before the fungal spores germinate and enter the plant. Their presence usually prevents spores from germinating or kills spores once they germinate. If infection occurs, protectants can't prevent disease. Fungicides Eradicants - correct answer Directly affect pathogens after they invaded the plant tissue by killing the fungus inside the host or by suppressing the reproduction of the fungus. Many are systemic that are absorbed into plant tissue and translocated to other parts of the plant; they can control established infections to a limited extent. Nematicides - correct answerto be effective they must be able to move throughout the soil profile where nematodes reside. Some have been linked to groundwater contamination, and others are volatile organic compounds that can contribute to smog. Poison Baits Rodenticides - correct answer- Some baits attract target pests, eliminating the need for widespread pesticide application. - Specially designed bait stations are used to prevent other animals and children from accessing poison baits. - Manufactures often color grain baits to make them less attractive