QAL - Plant Agriculture Category Comprehensive Exit Exam Questions With Answers.

What ways do non-chemical pest control methods work with an organism's biology? - correct answers Understanding the life-cycle and natural habitat or predators can aid in non-chemical pest control by mimicking natural events or minimizing populations by avoiding creating the perfect timing or environment for pest populations How does planting transgenic crops affect a pest management plan targeting insects or mites? - correct answers You may need to apply fewer pesticides; greater number of non target organisms remaining; secondary pests may emerge when primary pest populations have been reduced; you cannot rely solely on the transgenic crop How does host plant resistance relate to disease management? - correct answers must have conventional plants within crop to avoid pest developing resistance or circumventing around the gene in the plant; "cross protection" similar to vaccinations How does planting transgenic crops affect a weed management plan? - correct answers herbicide resistance in crop to be able to spray for weeds throughout crop's life cycle; ability to switch to conservation tillage; can increase pesticide use and reliance on single herbicides How do pest-related transgenic crops fit into an IPM program? - correct answers transgenic crop targets specific pests; ability to decrease chemical control methods; scout for secondary pest pressure; diversifies IPM program What are the relationships among the components of an effective IPM program? - correct answers they all work together; cannot be reliant on solely one component What are non-chemical pest management practices? - correct answers biological, mechanical/physical; cultural - augmentation, tillage, crop rotation Why is it important to know how living organisms are classified and named? What two components make up an organism's scientific name? - correct answers For proper identification and management; confusion across regional boundaries with differing common names; generic name and specific name Why is understanding life history and identification of life stages of both pests and crops is critical? - correct answers for successful control dependent upon pinpointing most vulnerable life stage of pest and crop; timing What ways do pesticides work with an organism's biology and what biological factors may alter a pesticide's effectiveness? - correct answers some pesticides take advantage of various characteristics (grooming, metabolism, reproduction, etc.); factors to consider - life stage, physical strengths and weaknesses, environmental conditions needed for reproduction, sources of food and shelter What is the anatomical difference between insects and mites? - correct answers What are the life stages/life cycle of insects with complete metamorphosis? - correct answers egg, larva, pupae, adult What are the life stages/life cycle of insects with incomplete (simple) metamorphosis? - correct answers egg, nymph, adult What are the life stages/life cycle of mites? - correct answers egg, larva, nymph, adult What are the life stages/life cycle of annual, biennial, and perennial weeds? - correct answers What are the life stages/life cycle of nematodes? - correct answers egg, larva, adult What are the life stages/life cycle of vertebrate pests? - correct answers egg, juvenile, adult What are the life stages/life cycle of pathogens? - correct answers What are common sources of insects and mites? - correct answers What are common sources of inoculum? - correct answers What are common sources of weeds? - correct answers What are common sources of nematodes? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by insects and mites? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by plant disease? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by weeds? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by abiotic factors? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by nematodes? - correct answers What types of characteristic damage (symptoms and signs) are caused by vertebrate pests? - correct answers How can nematodes spread? - correct answers What are the major groups of vertebrates and how can they become pests? - correct answers How do you identify vertebrate pests using direct and indirect methods? - correct answers What are the types of insecticides/miticides and which works best in given situations? - correct answerscontact - when target pests come into physical contact with it; systemic - taken up by plant or animal and move to other tissues within organism What types of pesticides are used for disease control and which type works best in a given situation? - correct answersfungicides, bactericides, and fumigants; funcides = eradicants and protectants What types of herbicides are used for weed control and which type works best in a given situation? - correct answersorganized by mode of action, selectivity, or contact and systemic What are the types of nematicides and which type works best in a given situation? - correct answersfumigants or nonfumigants What factors should you consider when making pesticide use decisions? - correct answerslocation, time of year, environmental conditions; animal and human safety What types of pesticides are used to manage vertebrate pests and which type works best in a given situation? - correct answersburrow fumigants, strychnine, anticoagulants, chemosterilants, and repellents What methods are there for making poison baits more selective? - correct answersmodify the area/habitat What are the indications that a tank mix of two or more formulations is incompatible? - correct answers What is the importance of selecting pesticides with varying modes of actions? - correct answers How do you manage, prevent, or delay resistance development in target organisms? - correct answers What are the various fates of pesticides in the environment and does understanding these affect pesticide selection and application decisions? - correct answers How do you determine if weather conditions at the application site will cause off-site movement? - correct answersch 4 What are common errors that can occur when applying pesticides and what are the problems that can result from these errors? (including legal and economic) - correct answers What is the various pesticide application equipment used to apply pesticides in ag settings? - correct answers What are the components of liquid application equipment and how do they work together? - correct answers What components of liquid application equipment work best with each pesticide formulation? - correct answers What are the parts of nozzle? - correct answers What are the types of nozzles? (including outputs, patterns, and applications that require each output or pattern) - correct answers What are the types of pumps and how do you select the best pump for particular situations? - correct answers What are the different types of characteristic damage caused by liquid sprayers? - correct answers What are the different types of characteristic damage caused by dust applicators? - correct answers What are the different types of characteristic damage caused by granular applicators? - correct answers What are the different types of characteristic damage caused by chemigation equipment? - correct answers How do you store liquid sprayers? - correct answers How do you store dust applicators? - correct answers How do you store granular applicators? - correct answers How do you store chemigation equipment? - correct answers What are the common problems with pesticide application equipment and how are they fixed? - correct answers What are the components of chemigation equipment, how do they work together, and which components work best with which pesticide formulation? - correct answers What are the adjustments to application equipment that improve inadequate spray coverage or pesticide placement? - correct answers How do you select the right equipment for effective applications to common plant structures? - correct answers Describe various pesticide application methods. - correct answers