NSE 111: EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What is the minimum weight of a patient where you can assist them by yourself? -
Answer-16 kg is the minimum weight, where they have to be cooperative and not move
for you to be able to help them.
Anything above 16kg you must have another HCP help you or use assistive devices.
What is body alignment? - Answer-The relationship with one body part to another in a
diagonal and horizontal line. It's having proper positioning of your muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and joints when you are sitting, standing, and lying down.
Having proper body alignment reduces strain because of neutrality.
What is a wide-base support? - Answer-Bending your knees and flexing your hips.
What are the benefits of activity and exercise? - Answer-Cardiovascular it improves
your cardiac output, which rises during exercise which increases your stroke volume.
Pulmonary it promotes lung expansion, overall WOB, and improves your baseline
respiratory rate.
Metabolic it promotes gastric motility where you will have less constipation.
Skeletal muscle it helps joint movement through lubrication, increase tolerance to
physical activity, increases muscle mass, and decrease bone loss.
Psychological factors include less behavioural changes, sleep wake alterations, mood
swings, social isolation, being dependent which can be increased if immobile and bed-
ridden
What are factors that affect movement? - Answer-Body balance which is the centre of
gravity, where you need to have a wide-base support in order to support your
movement.
Friction increase tissue damage due to prolonged pressure especially if the patient is
immobile and bed-ridden. The greater the surface the are, the greater the friction.
, Shear is the force exerted against the skin that causes the bony prominence of the body
to move, causing pain and pressure ulcers if prolonged.
What are factors that affect activity and exercise? - Answer-Behavioural aspects the
patient will include exercise in the schedule if their nurses, doctors, family and friends
encourage them too. Which will affect them in a way they want to be better.
Developmental changes as our bodies will go through several changes as we age.
What are physiological and psychological changes with immobility? - Answer-
Physiological include reduce muscle mass, reduce bone density, friction and shear,
weakness, loss of function, etc.
Psychological include increased chances of depression, loss of independence, social
isolation, mood swings, sleep-wake alterations, etc.
What is activity tolerance? - Answer-It's affected by physical, emotional, and
developmental changes. It is the person's ability to tolerate an amount of physical
activity.
What is deconditioning? - Answer-Joint contractures and muscle atrophy, which is
caused by the reduces or loss of function.
What is functional decline? - Answer-Can come out of deconditioning and it is impaired
cognitive/physical function
What is a pressure injury? - Answer-Localized damage to the skin on the outside or soft
tissues on the inside of the skin due to prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is reduced blood
supply due to prolonged pressure. This causes inflammation of the body prominence in
the beginning and then becomes pressure ulcers.
How does pressure affect skin? - Answer-Pressure affects the cellular metabolism of
the skin by impairing blood and tissue circulation.
What is the Braden scale? - Answer-The braden scale determines a patient's risk to
having pressure ulcers, the lower their braden scale, the higher the risk.
It has 6 components: sensory, perception, activity, mobility, nutrition, moisture, friction
and shear
What are nursing interventions to prevent pressure injuries? - Answer-Frequent
inspection of the skin's integrity, using skin barriers, repositioning the patient every 2
hours, ensuring their skin is clean and dry.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What is the minimum weight of a patient where you can assist them by yourself? -
Answer-16 kg is the minimum weight, where they have to be cooperative and not move
for you to be able to help them.
Anything above 16kg you must have another HCP help you or use assistive devices.
What is body alignment? - Answer-The relationship with one body part to another in a
diagonal and horizontal line. It's having proper positioning of your muscles, tendons,
ligaments, and joints when you are sitting, standing, and lying down.
Having proper body alignment reduces strain because of neutrality.
What is a wide-base support? - Answer-Bending your knees and flexing your hips.
What are the benefits of activity and exercise? - Answer-Cardiovascular it improves
your cardiac output, which rises during exercise which increases your stroke volume.
Pulmonary it promotes lung expansion, overall WOB, and improves your baseline
respiratory rate.
Metabolic it promotes gastric motility where you will have less constipation.
Skeletal muscle it helps joint movement through lubrication, increase tolerance to
physical activity, increases muscle mass, and decrease bone loss.
Psychological factors include less behavioural changes, sleep wake alterations, mood
swings, social isolation, being dependent which can be increased if immobile and bed-
ridden
What are factors that affect movement? - Answer-Body balance which is the centre of
gravity, where you need to have a wide-base support in order to support your
movement.
Friction increase tissue damage due to prolonged pressure especially if the patient is
immobile and bed-ridden. The greater the surface the are, the greater the friction.
, Shear is the force exerted against the skin that causes the bony prominence of the body
to move, causing pain and pressure ulcers if prolonged.
What are factors that affect activity and exercise? - Answer-Behavioural aspects the
patient will include exercise in the schedule if their nurses, doctors, family and friends
encourage them too. Which will affect them in a way they want to be better.
Developmental changes as our bodies will go through several changes as we age.
What are physiological and psychological changes with immobility? - Answer-
Physiological include reduce muscle mass, reduce bone density, friction and shear,
weakness, loss of function, etc.
Psychological include increased chances of depression, loss of independence, social
isolation, mood swings, sleep-wake alterations, etc.
What is activity tolerance? - Answer-It's affected by physical, emotional, and
developmental changes. It is the person's ability to tolerate an amount of physical
activity.
What is deconditioning? - Answer-Joint contractures and muscle atrophy, which is
caused by the reduces or loss of function.
What is functional decline? - Answer-Can come out of deconditioning and it is impaired
cognitive/physical function
What is a pressure injury? - Answer-Localized damage to the skin on the outside or soft
tissues on the inside of the skin due to prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is reduced blood
supply due to prolonged pressure. This causes inflammation of the body prominence in
the beginning and then becomes pressure ulcers.
How does pressure affect skin? - Answer-Pressure affects the cellular metabolism of
the skin by impairing blood and tissue circulation.
What is the Braden scale? - Answer-The braden scale determines a patient's risk to
having pressure ulcers, the lower their braden scale, the higher the risk.
It has 6 components: sensory, perception, activity, mobility, nutrition, moisture, friction
and shear
What are nursing interventions to prevent pressure injuries? - Answer-Frequent
inspection of the skin's integrity, using skin barriers, repositioning the patient every 2
hours, ensuring their skin is clean and dry.
