BIOS 252 FINAL STUDY GUIDE

BIOS 252 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2025-2026




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, Bios 252 Final study guide
Question 1
Properties of Muscular Tissue
Correct Answer
electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity


Question 2
The sliding filament mechanism
Correct Answer
process of muscle contraction in which shortening occurs by thick and thin filaments sliding
past each other


Question 3
Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
Correct Answer
isotonic: length of the muscle changes tension doesn't.
isotonic concentric: most common, tension constant, muscle is shortening ex: biceps curl
(bringing it up)
isotonic eccentric: putting the barbell back down


Question 4
lever
Correct Answer
A rigid structure that is free to move around a fixed point (fulcrum)


Question 5
fulcrum
Correct Answer
The fixed point around which a lever pivots


Question 6
effort
Correct Answer
causes movement


Question 7
load
Correct Answer
is resistance which opposes movement


Question 8
3 different classes of levers
Correct Answer
First class, second class, Third class

,Question 9
First class levers
Correct Answer
Fulcrum in the middle like a see-saw(nodding the head)


Question 10
Second class levers
Correct Answer
the load is between the fulcrum and the input force (produce force)


Question 11
Third class levers
Correct Answer
Effort placed between the resistance and the fulcrum(most limbs of the human body)
forearm during bicep curl


Question 12
Coordination among muscles
Correct Answer
Muscles are arranged is opposing pairs at joints. Example: flexors-extensors, abductors-
adductors. Prime movers contract while the opposing muscle (antagonist) stretches.


Question 13
Synergists muscles
Correct Answer
muscles that stabilize structures


Question 14
fixators
Correct Answer
stabilize the intermediate joints, to prevent unwanted movement at intermediate joints


Question 15
Organization of the Nervous System
Correct Answer
The two main subdivisions of the nervous system are (1) the central nervous system (CNS),
which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and (2) the peripheral nervous system (PNS),
which consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS.


Question 16
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Correct Answer
consists of the brain and spinal cord

, Question 17
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Correct Answer
consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS. Contains nerves and sensory receptors.


Question 18
Sensory Divison (afferent, part of PNS)
Correct Answer
Conveys input into the CNS with sensory info about somatic senses (tactile, thermal, pain,
and proprioceptive sensations) and special senses (smell, taste, vison, hearing, and
equilibrium)


Question 19
motor or efferent division
Correct Answer
part of the PNS that conveys output from the CNS to effectors (muscle and glands). (this
system is subdivided into somatic and autonomic nervous system)


Question 20
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Correct Answer
Conveys output from the CNS to SKELETAL MUSCLES only. Action is VOLUNTARY


Question 21
autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer
Conveys output from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac, and glands. Action is
INVOLUNTARY


Question 22
Two main branches of the ANS
Correct Answer
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system


Question 23
sympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in
stressful situations. FIGHT OR FLIGHT


Question 24
Parasympathectic Nervous System
Correct Answer
slows down the hearth rate. Think "REST AND DIGEST"