NSG 3280 Unit 3 & 4 Study Guide/NSG 3280 Unit 3 & 4: Updated A+ Guide Solution

Primary vs. Secondary Skin Lesions • Primary – lesions as they originally appear • Secondary – lesions that have been modified from their original appearance Herpes Simplex Virus 1 & 2 Pathophysiology • Herpes virus lives latent in nerve (most often the trigeminal) after initial infection and reactivates during: o Stress o Sun exposure o Menstruation Clinical Manifestations • Burning → redness & vesicles → pustules & ulcers → crust • Heals in 10-14 days • Herpes Simplex 1common locations: Lips, face, and mouth • Herpes Simplex 2 common location: Genital region Herpes Zoster Pathophysiology • Virus lives latent in the spinal ganglia and activates during stress. Clinical Manifestations • Pain at areas of vesicles • Vesicles with a red base (continue to pop up for 3-5 days) that follow the dermatome (nerve track) → vesicles dry out & crust→ fall off • Whole process takes 2-3 weeks • Vesicles are unilateral; usually on face and trunk • In older adults: pain is worse; duration is longer Complication • Permanent blindness can occur if lesions involve the eyes. • Post-herpetic neuralgia – pain that continues after skin lesions have cleared o Can last months to years o More common in those 60 years oldSuperficial Fungus Pathophysiology & Epidemiology • Infections by these fungi: o Microsporum o Trichophyton o Epidermophyton • These infections are called “tinea” followed by the skin region they are infecting o Tinea captitis = scalp o Tinea barbae = beard o Tinea faciei = face o Tinea corporis = trunk o Tinea manus = hand o Tinea cruris = groin o Tinea pedis = foot Clinical Manifestations • Red macules or plaques • Feet may have vesicles • Peripheral scaling and central clearing Yeast Infections Pathophysiology & Etiology • Caused by the fungus candida albicans • Fungal infection of external tissue Clinical Manifestations • Mouth – thrush • Skin folds – intertrigo • Systemic – mucocutaneous candidiasis Impetigo Pathophysiology & Etiology • Bacterial skin infection caused by staphylococcus & streptococcus • Staph is often carried in nasal area • Very contagious Clinical Manifestations • Vesicles, pustules, and yellow crustsSeborrheic Dermatitis Clinical Manifestations • Considered “papulosquamous” - red or purple plaques with scales • Occur in areas with oil glands • Newborns: “cradle cap” • Adolescents & Adults: “dandruff”