PCB3233 IMMUNOLOGY Final Exam
Questions and Answers Latest 2025 Top
Rated
What is the order of the complement pathways?
Alternative -> Lectin -> Classical
What does CR1 recognize?
C3b
What does CR2 recognize?
C3d (B-cell co-receptor)
What do CR3 and CR4 recognize?
iC3b
What makes up the MAC (membrane attack complex)?
C5-C9
C3b acts as an ___________ for the MAC
Opsonin
On the first exposure (innate immunity) which
complement pathway(s) will be used?
Alternative or lectin
On the second exposure (adaptive immunity) which
complement pathway(s) will be used?
Classical
Which of the following is an anaphylatoxin?
C3a
Which complement pathway utilizes C1?
Classical
What makes up C3 convertase (Classical/Lectin)?
,C4b2b
What makes up C5 convertase (Classical/Lectin)?
C4b2b3b
What makes up C3 convertase (Alternative)?
C3bBb
What makes up C5 convertase (Alternative)?
C3bBb3b
Which pathway(s) do NOT utilize C1?
Alternative and Lectin
Humans have _________, which are used to recognize
__________ on pathogens.
PRRs; PAMPS
Gram-positive bacteria have _____________, while
Gram-negative bacteria have __________.
Techoic acids; LPS
What color does gram positive bacteria stain?
Purple/blue
What color does gram negative bacteria stain?
Pink/red
Gram positive examples
Bacillus, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus, and
Mycobacterium (kinda)
Gram negative examples
E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Shigella
Virus examples
HIV, Influenza, and COVID-19
T or F: Commensal bacteria are harmful and can be
killed from a round of antibiotics.
,False, commensal bacteria are NOT harmful. They can be
killed via a round of antibiotics.
What are the 4 types of pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
The model for intracellular microbes is...
Viruses
The model for extracellular microbes is...
Bacteria
Who is the Father of Immunology?
Edward Jenner
Who helped create the first vaccine against smallpox
using cowpox?
Edward Jenner
What is the lag time for a primary immune response?
7 days
Are we more likely to survive if we lose our innate
immune system or adaptive immune system?
Adaptive immune system
The __________ immune system works rapidly and is
the first line of defense.
Innate
The ___________ immune system may take longer to
activate but is highly specific for antigens.
Adaptive
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils,
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, and Lymphocytes)
What are the lymphocytes?
, B cells, T cells, NK cells, and ILCs
Are all lymphocytes leukocytes?
No
What are our granulocytes?
Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils
Which granulocyte stains blue?
Basophils
Which granulocyte stains light pink/purple?
Neutrophil
Which granulocyte stains red?
Eosinophil
What is the most abundant leukocyte in circulation?
Neutrophil
What is the least abundant leukocyte in circulation?
Basophil
Which leukocyte has the following function: Allergic
reactions
Basophils
Which leukocyte has the following function:
Responsible for fighting parasitic worm infections
Eosinophils
Which leukocyte has the following function: Pus
formation at site of infection
Neutrophils
Hematopoiesis of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets occur in
the...
Bone marrow
The lymphoid lineage differentiates into...
Questions and Answers Latest 2025 Top
Rated
What is the order of the complement pathways?
Alternative -> Lectin -> Classical
What does CR1 recognize?
C3b
What does CR2 recognize?
C3d (B-cell co-receptor)
What do CR3 and CR4 recognize?
iC3b
What makes up the MAC (membrane attack complex)?
C5-C9
C3b acts as an ___________ for the MAC
Opsonin
On the first exposure (innate immunity) which
complement pathway(s) will be used?
Alternative or lectin
On the second exposure (adaptive immunity) which
complement pathway(s) will be used?
Classical
Which of the following is an anaphylatoxin?
C3a
Which complement pathway utilizes C1?
Classical
What makes up C3 convertase (Classical/Lectin)?
,C4b2b
What makes up C5 convertase (Classical/Lectin)?
C4b2b3b
What makes up C3 convertase (Alternative)?
C3bBb
What makes up C5 convertase (Alternative)?
C3bBb3b
Which pathway(s) do NOT utilize C1?
Alternative and Lectin
Humans have _________, which are used to recognize
__________ on pathogens.
PRRs; PAMPS
Gram-positive bacteria have _____________, while
Gram-negative bacteria have __________.
Techoic acids; LPS
What color does gram positive bacteria stain?
Purple/blue
What color does gram negative bacteria stain?
Pink/red
Gram positive examples
Bacillus, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus, and
Mycobacterium (kinda)
Gram negative examples
E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Shigella
Virus examples
HIV, Influenza, and COVID-19
T or F: Commensal bacteria are harmful and can be
killed from a round of antibiotics.
,False, commensal bacteria are NOT harmful. They can be
killed via a round of antibiotics.
What are the 4 types of pathogens?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
The model for intracellular microbes is...
Viruses
The model for extracellular microbes is...
Bacteria
Who is the Father of Immunology?
Edward Jenner
Who helped create the first vaccine against smallpox
using cowpox?
Edward Jenner
What is the lag time for a primary immune response?
7 days
Are we more likely to survive if we lose our innate
immune system or adaptive immune system?
Adaptive immune system
The __________ immune system works rapidly and is
the first line of defense.
Innate
The ___________ immune system may take longer to
activate but is highly specific for antigens.
Adaptive
What are leukocytes?
White blood cells (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils,
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, and Lymphocytes)
What are the lymphocytes?
, B cells, T cells, NK cells, and ILCs
Are all lymphocytes leukocytes?
No
What are our granulocytes?
Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils
Which granulocyte stains blue?
Basophils
Which granulocyte stains light pink/purple?
Neutrophil
Which granulocyte stains red?
Eosinophil
What is the most abundant leukocyte in circulation?
Neutrophil
What is the least abundant leukocyte in circulation?
Basophil
Which leukocyte has the following function: Allergic
reactions
Basophils
Which leukocyte has the following function:
Responsible for fighting parasitic worm infections
Eosinophils
Which leukocyte has the following function: Pus
formation at site of infection
Neutrophils
Hematopoiesis of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets occur in
the...
Bone marrow
The lymphoid lineage differentiates into...
