PCB 3233 EXAM 1 Questions and Answers
Latest 2025 Top Rated
Innate immunity
Fixed defenses and innate(natural) responses. Has
physical and chemical barriers that responds to a broad
range of pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
Flexible defenses that has the ability to recognize and
remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them.
It is refined during the course of an infection
immunity
How we defend ourselves from invaders
Commensal Species
Live off of the human gut
* Enhance human nutrition by processing digested foods
and making several vitamins
* Protect against disease because their presence prevents
colonization by dangerous disease-causing
microorganisms.
Microbiota
Community of microbial species that inhabits a particular
niche/habit in the human body.
Microbes
,Any microscopic organism. Mainly bacteria, protists, some
fungi.
* Survive on animal and plant products
*Release digestive enzymes(helpful)
*Grow on living extracellular tissue, bathed in nutrients
*Intracellular microbes infect infect human cells utilizing
host cell sources.(harmful)
E. coli
secretes Colicins (an antibacterial protein) in our intestines
Pathogen
Any organism with the potential to cause a disease
Opportunistic Pathogens
Cause disease if the body's defenses are weakened or it
enters a part of the body that it is not normally found.
4 Kinds of Pathogens
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Epithelium
Layers of cells that line the outer surface and inner
cavities of the body
Mucosal Surfaces
bathed in mucus they secrete. Contains:
* Glycoproteins
, *Proteoglycans
*enzymes
Which protect epithelial cells that produce antimicrobial
peptides.
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)
Kills bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses by perturbing
their membranes
Innate Immune Response System
1. Recognition
2.Effector mechanisms - Kill and eliminate the
pathogens.
3. Effector cells(provided by the effector mechanisms) -
engulfs bacteria, kills virus-infected cells or attacks
protozoan parasites. Releases serum proteins known as
complement.
Complement
Helps effector cells by marking pathogens with molecular
flags, but attacks pathogens at its own right
Cytokines
prevent viral replication and helps activate T-cell mediated
immunity.
PAMPS
Latest 2025 Top Rated
Innate immunity
Fixed defenses and innate(natural) responses. Has
physical and chemical barriers that responds to a broad
range of pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
Flexible defenses that has the ability to recognize and
remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them.
It is refined during the course of an infection
immunity
How we defend ourselves from invaders
Commensal Species
Live off of the human gut
* Enhance human nutrition by processing digested foods
and making several vitamins
* Protect against disease because their presence prevents
colonization by dangerous disease-causing
microorganisms.
Microbiota
Community of microbial species that inhabits a particular
niche/habit in the human body.
Microbes
,Any microscopic organism. Mainly bacteria, protists, some
fungi.
* Survive on animal and plant products
*Release digestive enzymes(helpful)
*Grow on living extracellular tissue, bathed in nutrients
*Intracellular microbes infect infect human cells utilizing
host cell sources.(harmful)
E. coli
secretes Colicins (an antibacterial protein) in our intestines
Pathogen
Any organism with the potential to cause a disease
Opportunistic Pathogens
Cause disease if the body's defenses are weakened or it
enters a part of the body that it is not normally found.
4 Kinds of Pathogens
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Epithelium
Layers of cells that line the outer surface and inner
cavities of the body
Mucosal Surfaces
bathed in mucus they secrete. Contains:
* Glycoproteins
, *Proteoglycans
*enzymes
Which protect epithelial cells that produce antimicrobial
peptides.
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)
Kills bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses by perturbing
their membranes
Innate Immune Response System
1. Recognition
2.Effector mechanisms - Kill and eliminate the
pathogens.
3. Effector cells(provided by the effector mechanisms) -
engulfs bacteria, kills virus-infected cells or attacks
protozoan parasites. Releases serum proteins known as
complement.
Complement
Helps effector cells by marking pathogens with molecular
flags, but attacks pathogens at its own right
Cytokines
prevent viral replication and helps activate T-cell mediated
immunity.
PAMPS
