PCB 3233 Exam One UCF Questions and
Answers Latest 2025 Top Rated
Immunology is the study of
physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from
invasion by foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the
body develops cells dedicated to defense, these form...
the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while
________________________ can _________ _______- and
cause disease
microorganisms can rapidly multiply
Immunity involves two responses:
1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
In adaptive =
B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need
three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest
primary adaptive immune response
microbes survive on ..... and release
-animal and plant products
-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on
living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells,
utilizing
host cell sources
,Some microbes are ________ and even __________
(ex:_____________)
some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity?
People who survive a specific infection become immune to it
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must
first
engage the microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection?
around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one
true
true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to
an attenuated/killed infectious agent
false
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the
plague could nurse the sick without becoming sick again?
430 BC- Thucydides
During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to
induce immunity? What is this called?
dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small
cuts in the skin "variolation")
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he
discover?
-Edward Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human
smallpox
a pathogen is
Any organism with potential to cause disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if
, the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part of the
body it isn't normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans-
normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
Staphylococcus aureus-
gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples &
boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-
causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora)
This is called
-1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
What is first line of external defense against infection?
skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier
If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and
cowpox) you can use one or the other to create a vaccination
epitope
Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing
___________________, ____________________, and
_____________________ - protective
glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes
Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is
- antibacterial
Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed?
to clear unwanted material
Defensins do what
poke holes in the pathogen
Gram-positive bacteria
Answers Latest 2025 Top Rated
Immunology is the study of
physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from
invasion by foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the
body develops cells dedicated to defense, these form...
the immune system
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while
________________________ can _________ _______- and
cause disease
microorganisms can rapidly multiply
Immunity involves two responses:
1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
In adaptive =
B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need
three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest
primary adaptive immune response
microbes survive on ..... and release
-animal and plant products
-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on
living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients
other intracellular microbes infect animal/human cells,
utilizing
host cell sources
,Some microbes are ________ and even __________
(ex:_____________)
some are harmless and helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity?
People who survive a specific infection become immune to it
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must
first
engage the microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection?
around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one
true
true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to
an attenuated/killed infectious agent
false
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the
plague could nurse the sick without becoming sick again?
430 BC- Thucydides
During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to
induce immunity? What is this called?
dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small
cuts in the skin "variolation")
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he
discover?
-Edward Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human
smallpox
a pathogen is
Any organism with potential to cause disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if
, the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part of the
body it isn't normally found.
What are the four classes of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans-
normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
Staphylococcus aureus-
gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples &
boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-
causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora)
This is called
-1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
What is first line of external defense against infection?
skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier
If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and
cowpox) you can use one or the other to create a vaccination
epitope
Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing
___________________, ____________________, and
_____________________ - protective
glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes
Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is
- antibacterial
Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed?
to clear unwanted material
Defensins do what
poke holes in the pathogen
Gram-positive bacteria
