CRIJ 1301
CRIJ 1301 COMPLETE EXAM 2025
Criminal Justice System - -Refers to the agencies that despise justice and the process
by which justice is carried out
3 Main components of CJS (Sub Systems) - -Law enforcement, Courts & Corrections
12 Stages of CJS - -
Investigation: Police investigate after citizens report offense to determine if a crime was
committed, who committed it, if an arrest is warranted and when an arrest should occur.
Arrest: The initial step in formal processing of a case, arrest entails formally taking a
suspect into custody.
Booking: Formally record arrest, involves fingerprinting, mug shots & completing arrest
records.
Initial Appearance: Suspect appears before magistrate & is formally notified of charges,
advised of their rights and notified of bail decisions.
Preliminary Hearing: Judge determines if probable cause exists to suggest the suspect
committed a crime in the judges jurisdiction. Judge decides if evidence proves a crime
was committed within their jurisdiction and the suspect committed the crime.
Grand Jury: Prosecutor presents case to a grand jury to seek an indictment against
suspect. The purpose is to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to suggest that
the case should go to trial.
Arraignment: After indictment is filed, the arraignment is held. Suspect is formally
notified of charges; advised of their legal rights; & asked if they want to plead guilty or
non guilty or no contest. If defendant pleads guilty, sentencing is next (if judge accepts
plea). If they plead not guilty, case goes to trial.
Trial: Prosecution is expected to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant
committed the offense(s) with which they are charged of.
Sentencing: For defendant found guilty, a hearing will be held for the judge to sentence
the defender.
Appeals: A defendant may appeal the courts ruling to an appellate court. The court will
decide whether or not to hear the appeal or reject it.
Sanction: those sentenced to a year or more will be sent to prison, whereas those
sentenced for less than a year will go to jail. Offenders on prob
CRIJ 1301
, CRIJ 1301
Wedding Cake Model of Justice - -4 layers of cases that flow through the justice system,
the smallest layer is at the top & the biggest layer is at the bottom:
- Celebrated Cases (Famous cases w/ media attention)
-Heavy Duty Felonies
-Lightweight Felonies
-Misdemeanors
Crime Control Model - -A model characterizing the CJS, in which cases are processed
with a primary focus given to the need to protect the public.
Due Process Model - -A model characterizing the CJS that emphasizes the protection of
defendants' rights and is driven by respect for the "formal structure of the law."
CJ as Academic Discipline (Roles of CJ) - -- First criminology major offered in 1937
- Professionalization of CJ practices
- Education of students in CJ area
- Development of new careers
- Prior to CJ, scholars were from other departments
- CJ is interdisciplinary in nature
- Activist criminology
CJ as Social Science (Roles of CJ) - -Principles of Science (Robert Bierstedt "The
Social Order")
- Objectivity
- Parsimony
- Ethical Neutrality
- Determinism (Behavior caused by preceding events)
- Skepticism (Critical thinking)
CJ & Controversial Issues (Roles of CJ) - -Issues frequently magnified in media:
Death penalty, sex offenders, police corruption, racial profiling, drug legalization,
prostitution, abortion, torture, prison overcrowding, drunk driving
CJ VS. Criminology (Roles of CJ) - -CJ primarily focuses on the justice process.
Criminology focuses primarily on crime & criminals.
CJ as a collection of individuals (Roles of CJ) - -CJ can be defined by the actions of
individuals engaged in the CJ process
CJ can be viewed as a collection of individuals charged w/ making decisions as part of a
formal effort to control behavior ex: police officer, suspect, persecutor, judge
Decisions impact how the case is processed
- Ethical decision making
- Considering multiple options
CRIJ 1301
CRIJ 1301 COMPLETE EXAM 2025
Criminal Justice System - -Refers to the agencies that despise justice and the process
by which justice is carried out
3 Main components of CJS (Sub Systems) - -Law enforcement, Courts & Corrections
12 Stages of CJS - -
Investigation: Police investigate after citizens report offense to determine if a crime was
committed, who committed it, if an arrest is warranted and when an arrest should occur.
Arrest: The initial step in formal processing of a case, arrest entails formally taking a
suspect into custody.
Booking: Formally record arrest, involves fingerprinting, mug shots & completing arrest
records.
Initial Appearance: Suspect appears before magistrate & is formally notified of charges,
advised of their rights and notified of bail decisions.
Preliminary Hearing: Judge determines if probable cause exists to suggest the suspect
committed a crime in the judges jurisdiction. Judge decides if evidence proves a crime
was committed within their jurisdiction and the suspect committed the crime.
Grand Jury: Prosecutor presents case to a grand jury to seek an indictment against
suspect. The purpose is to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to suggest that
the case should go to trial.
Arraignment: After indictment is filed, the arraignment is held. Suspect is formally
notified of charges; advised of their legal rights; & asked if they want to plead guilty or
non guilty or no contest. If defendant pleads guilty, sentencing is next (if judge accepts
plea). If they plead not guilty, case goes to trial.
Trial: Prosecution is expected to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant
committed the offense(s) with which they are charged of.
Sentencing: For defendant found guilty, a hearing will be held for the judge to sentence
the defender.
Appeals: A defendant may appeal the courts ruling to an appellate court. The court will
decide whether or not to hear the appeal or reject it.
Sanction: those sentenced to a year or more will be sent to prison, whereas those
sentenced for less than a year will go to jail. Offenders on prob
CRIJ 1301
, CRIJ 1301
Wedding Cake Model of Justice - -4 layers of cases that flow through the justice system,
the smallest layer is at the top & the biggest layer is at the bottom:
- Celebrated Cases (Famous cases w/ media attention)
-Heavy Duty Felonies
-Lightweight Felonies
-Misdemeanors
Crime Control Model - -A model characterizing the CJS, in which cases are processed
with a primary focus given to the need to protect the public.
Due Process Model - -A model characterizing the CJS that emphasizes the protection of
defendants' rights and is driven by respect for the "formal structure of the law."
CJ as Academic Discipline (Roles of CJ) - -- First criminology major offered in 1937
- Professionalization of CJ practices
- Education of students in CJ area
- Development of new careers
- Prior to CJ, scholars were from other departments
- CJ is interdisciplinary in nature
- Activist criminology
CJ as Social Science (Roles of CJ) - -Principles of Science (Robert Bierstedt "The
Social Order")
- Objectivity
- Parsimony
- Ethical Neutrality
- Determinism (Behavior caused by preceding events)
- Skepticism (Critical thinking)
CJ & Controversial Issues (Roles of CJ) - -Issues frequently magnified in media:
Death penalty, sex offenders, police corruption, racial profiling, drug legalization,
prostitution, abortion, torture, prison overcrowding, drunk driving
CJ VS. Criminology (Roles of CJ) - -CJ primarily focuses on the justice process.
Criminology focuses primarily on crime & criminals.
CJ as a collection of individuals (Roles of CJ) - -CJ can be defined by the actions of
individuals engaged in the CJ process
CJ can be viewed as a collection of individuals charged w/ making decisions as part of a
formal effort to control behavior ex: police officer, suspect, persecutor, judge
Decisions impact how the case is processed
- Ethical decision making
- Considering multiple options
CRIJ 1301
