NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
What are some of the major functions of the Liver? - (ANSWER)-Detoxification
-Production of Clotting Factors
-Drug Metabolism
-Synthesis of Albumin and other Plasma proteins
-Bile production and excretion
-Metabolism of fats, proteins, carbohydrates
-Storage of Vitamins and Glycogen
-Support for your alcoholic lifestyle
An issue with the common bile duct can affect which three organs? - (ANSWER)-The liver
-The gallbladder
-The pancreas
All three of these accessory digestive organs drain or excrete substances into the common bile duct.
1. What is the most common cause of Hepatitis?
2. What are some other risk factors for hepatitis? - (ANSWER)1. The most common cause of hepatitis is
viral infections, including HepA, HepB, HepC, HepD, and HepE.
Hepatitis A and E spread through the Oral-Fecal mainly, whereas B and C spread through blood and
other bodily fluids, so their transmission is mainly through sexual contact or IV drug use.
HDV is a Satellite Virus: it can only propagate in the presence of HBV.
2. Other risk factors for Hepatitis are Alcohol use, hepatotoxic medications (think Tylenol), chemicals,
autoimmune diseases, and metabolic problems.
Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of acute hepatitis?
A. Jaundice
B. Clay-colored stools
C. Ascites
D. Dark Urine - (ANSWER)C (ascites) is not a common manifestation of acute hepatitis. It is more
commonly seen with chronic hepatitis.
,NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
A patient presents with Asterixis (Flapping hands), Jaundice, hepatomegaly, and elevated AST and ALT.
What are they likely suffering from?
A. Ankylosing spondylitis
B. Cholangitis
C. Chronic Hepatitis
D. Acute hepatitis - (ANSWER)C. (Chronic Hepatitis) is correct.
-Ankylosing Spondylitis is a type of arthritis that causes spinal inflammation.
-Cholangitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
-Chronic hepatitis can present with Asterixis d/t impaired ammonia metabolism, hepatomegaly, and
elevated liver enzymes.
-Jaundice is a feature of both acute and chronic hepatitis
Which of the following are indicated nursing interventions for viral hepatitis? (SATA)
A. Promote rest and adequate nutrition
B. Administer corticosteroids
C. Treat symptoms
D. Administer antiviral medications per orders
E. Ensure pt refrains from alcohol consumption - (ANSWER)A, C, D, E are all indicated nursing
interventions.
-Administering corticosteroids (B) is not indicated for patients with viral hepatitis.
Arthalgias and skin rashes are extrahepatic symptoms typically associated with (Acute or Chronic)
hepatitis. - (ANSWER)Extrahepatic symptoms such as arthralgias, skin rashes, ascites, asterixis, and
hepatic encephalopathy are typically associated with Chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis Viruses A and E tend to result in chronic hepatitis.
A. True
B. False - (ANSWER)This is false. Hepatitis A and E viruses tend to cause acute infections.
HBV, HCV, and HDV tend to cause chronic hepatitis
,NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
A nurse is caring for a patient with an active hepatitis C infection. Which of the following precautions
should the nurse take?
A. Standard
B. Contact
C. Droplet
D. Airborne - (ANSWER)A. Standard precautions.
-Hepatitis C virus is spread through contact with blood and body fluids. Standard precautions include
gloves and other measures to prevent contact with blood and body fluids, so they are sufficient
measures against HCV.
For which of the following causes of Viral Hepatitis does no vaccine exist? (SATA)
A. HAV
B. HBV
C. HCV
D. HDV
E. HEV - (ANSWER)C, D, E, are the correct options. There are currently no vaccines available in the U.S.
for Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E
Risk factors for liver cirrhosis include which of the following? (SATA)
A. Viral Hepatitis
B. Paralytic Ileus
C. Chronic alcohol consumption
D. Right-sided HF
E. Cholangitis - (ANSWER)A, C, D, E are all correct.
-Paralytic Ileus is not a risk factor for liver cirrhosis.
Signs and symptoms of Liver Cirrhosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Hepatomegaly
, NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
B. Jaundice
C. Hepatic Encephalopathy
D. Cryptorchidism - (ANSWER)D. Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to
descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. It has no relation to liver cirrhosis
A spider angioma is a small network of dilated capillaries on the surface of the skin that leaves a red to
purple mark. These are a sign of... - (ANSWER)Spider angiomas are a sign of Liver Cirrhosis. The exact
cause is unknown, but it may be due to elevated estrogen levels in patients with liver cirrhosis.
What are some complications of liver cirrhosis? - (ANSWER)-Portal Hypertension
-Peripheral Edema
-Esophageal Varices
-Ascites
-GI bleeding leading to Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Hepatorenal Syndrome
-Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
What are some nursing considerations/interventions for patients with liver cirrhosis? - (ANSWER)-
Sodium restriction
-Diuretics (minimize fluid retention and hypertension)
-Prepare patient for needed procedures (paracentesis, TIPS, EGD).
-Administer medications to reduce ammonia levels (Lactulose, rifaximin)
-Low-protein diet (limits the buildup of toxic waste products such as urea)
-Monitor labs including albumin, ammonia, clotting factors, Hgb, Hct, electrolytes
Describe the TIPS procedure.
-What does TIPS stand for?
-What can it help with? - (ANSWER)-TIPS stands for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.
A tube inserted through the jugular shunts blood from the hepatic portal vein to the hepatic vein
flowing out of the liver, bypassing blockages caused by liver cirrhosis.
What are some of the major functions of the Liver? - (ANSWER)-Detoxification
-Production of Clotting Factors
-Drug Metabolism
-Synthesis of Albumin and other Plasma proteins
-Bile production and excretion
-Metabolism of fats, proteins, carbohydrates
-Storage of Vitamins and Glycogen
-Support for your alcoholic lifestyle
An issue with the common bile duct can affect which three organs? - (ANSWER)-The liver
-The gallbladder
-The pancreas
All three of these accessory digestive organs drain or excrete substances into the common bile duct.
1. What is the most common cause of Hepatitis?
2. What are some other risk factors for hepatitis? - (ANSWER)1. The most common cause of hepatitis is
viral infections, including HepA, HepB, HepC, HepD, and HepE.
Hepatitis A and E spread through the Oral-Fecal mainly, whereas B and C spread through blood and
other bodily fluids, so their transmission is mainly through sexual contact or IV drug use.
HDV is a Satellite Virus: it can only propagate in the presence of HBV.
2. Other risk factors for Hepatitis are Alcohol use, hepatotoxic medications (think Tylenol), chemicals,
autoimmune diseases, and metabolic problems.
Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of acute hepatitis?
A. Jaundice
B. Clay-colored stools
C. Ascites
D. Dark Urine - (ANSWER)C (ascites) is not a common manifestation of acute hepatitis. It is more
commonly seen with chronic hepatitis.
,NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
A patient presents with Asterixis (Flapping hands), Jaundice, hepatomegaly, and elevated AST and ALT.
What are they likely suffering from?
A. Ankylosing spondylitis
B. Cholangitis
C. Chronic Hepatitis
D. Acute hepatitis - (ANSWER)C. (Chronic Hepatitis) is correct.
-Ankylosing Spondylitis is a type of arthritis that causes spinal inflammation.
-Cholangitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
-Chronic hepatitis can present with Asterixis d/t impaired ammonia metabolism, hepatomegaly, and
elevated liver enzymes.
-Jaundice is a feature of both acute and chronic hepatitis
Which of the following are indicated nursing interventions for viral hepatitis? (SATA)
A. Promote rest and adequate nutrition
B. Administer corticosteroids
C. Treat symptoms
D. Administer antiviral medications per orders
E. Ensure pt refrains from alcohol consumption - (ANSWER)A, C, D, E are all indicated nursing
interventions.
-Administering corticosteroids (B) is not indicated for patients with viral hepatitis.
Arthalgias and skin rashes are extrahepatic symptoms typically associated with (Acute or Chronic)
hepatitis. - (ANSWER)Extrahepatic symptoms such as arthralgias, skin rashes, ascites, asterixis, and
hepatic encephalopathy are typically associated with Chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis Viruses A and E tend to result in chronic hepatitis.
A. True
B. False - (ANSWER)This is false. Hepatitis A and E viruses tend to cause acute infections.
HBV, HCV, and HDV tend to cause chronic hepatitis
,NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
A nurse is caring for a patient with an active hepatitis C infection. Which of the following precautions
should the nurse take?
A. Standard
B. Contact
C. Droplet
D. Airborne - (ANSWER)A. Standard precautions.
-Hepatitis C virus is spread through contact with blood and body fluids. Standard precautions include
gloves and other measures to prevent contact with blood and body fluids, so they are sufficient
measures against HCV.
For which of the following causes of Viral Hepatitis does no vaccine exist? (SATA)
A. HAV
B. HBV
C. HCV
D. HDV
E. HEV - (ANSWER)C, D, E, are the correct options. There are currently no vaccines available in the U.S.
for Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E
Risk factors for liver cirrhosis include which of the following? (SATA)
A. Viral Hepatitis
B. Paralytic Ileus
C. Chronic alcohol consumption
D. Right-sided HF
E. Cholangitis - (ANSWER)A, C, D, E are all correct.
-Paralytic Ileus is not a risk factor for liver cirrhosis.
Signs and symptoms of Liver Cirrhosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Hepatomegaly
, NURS 6201 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET.
B. Jaundice
C. Hepatic Encephalopathy
D. Cryptorchidism - (ANSWER)D. Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to
descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. It has no relation to liver cirrhosis
A spider angioma is a small network of dilated capillaries on the surface of the skin that leaves a red to
purple mark. These are a sign of... - (ANSWER)Spider angiomas are a sign of Liver Cirrhosis. The exact
cause is unknown, but it may be due to elevated estrogen levels in patients with liver cirrhosis.
What are some complications of liver cirrhosis? - (ANSWER)-Portal Hypertension
-Peripheral Edema
-Esophageal Varices
-Ascites
-GI bleeding leading to Hepatic Encephalopathy
-Hepatorenal Syndrome
-Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
What are some nursing considerations/interventions for patients with liver cirrhosis? - (ANSWER)-
Sodium restriction
-Diuretics (minimize fluid retention and hypertension)
-Prepare patient for needed procedures (paracentesis, TIPS, EGD).
-Administer medications to reduce ammonia levels (Lactulose, rifaximin)
-Low-protein diet (limits the buildup of toxic waste products such as urea)
-Monitor labs including albumin, ammonia, clotting factors, Hgb, Hct, electrolytes
Describe the TIPS procedure.
-What does TIPS stand for?
-What can it help with? - (ANSWER)-TIPS stands for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt.
A tube inserted through the jugular shunts blood from the hepatic portal vein to the hepatic vein
flowing out of the liver, bypassing blockages caused by liver cirrhosis.
