TTU ZOOL 2403 FINAL EXAM DR. BOROS QUESTIONS
What does the Kidney do? - Answer -Produces Urine
Functions of Kidney - Answer -1. Excretion
-removal of wastes from body fluids into urine
2. Regulation of Blood
-Ions
a. control blood Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium),
and Cl- (chloride) levels
-ph
a. control blood H+ (hydrogen) and HCO3-
(bicarbonate) levels
-Pressure and Volume
a. control blood fluid volume and therefore
blood pressure
What three processes do the Kidneys use to perform their functions? - Answer --
Filtration of water, ions, nutrients, and waste products from the blood
-Reabsorption of most of the water, ions, and nutrients back into the blood
-Excretion of metabolic wastes into the urine
Describe the Drinking Process - Answer -Water is absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract into the blood, which goes to the Renal Arteries which supply the kidneys and then
becomes urine.
We lose water constantly through our... - Answer --Skin
-Lungs
-Digestive System
The kidneys can regulate what because of what? - Answer -They can regulate water
volume because they can concentrate or dilute the urine
Among other things, what are the kidneys responsible for? - Answer -The kidneys are
responsible for our ability to survive on land without dehydrating
Where are the kidneys located and what are they protected by? - Answer -The Kidneys
are located on either side of the . vertebral column and are partly protected by the
ribcage
What are the 2 divisions of the kidney? - Answer -The Renal Cortex and the Renal
Medulla
,Describe the Renal Cortex - Answer -The Renal Cortex is the outer portion of the
kidney
Describe the Renal Medulla - Answer -1. inner portion of the kidney
2. separated into renal pyramids by renal columns
How is blood supplied to the kidneys? - Answer -1. Each Kidney receives blood from a
Renal Artery
2. The Renal Artery Branches into many smaller and smaller arteries
3. These smaller arteries travel between renal pyramids within the Renal Columns
4. They ultimately deliver the blood via the arterioles to a capillary network called the
"Glomerulus"
What is the percentage of total cardiac output that kidneys receive? - Answer -20-25%
How many liters of blood flow through the kidneys each minute? - Answer -1.2 Liters
How many times a day is the entire blood volume filtered by the kidneys? - Answer -60
times
How long would it take for the blood filtered by the kidneys to be excreted if it were
excreted in its entirety? - Answer -25 minutes
What percentage of the filtered blood is returned to the cardiovascular system? -
Answer -99%
Composition of the Kidneys - Answer -1. Nephrons
2. A Collecting System
How many nephrons does the kidney contain? - Answer -The kidney contains about
1.25 million nephrons which are 85 miles in combined length
What is the Nephron? - Answer -The Nephron is the functional unit of the Kidney
Composition of the Nephron - Answer -1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal Tubule
Where does Urine Production begin? - Answer -In the Nephron
What occurs in the Nephron? - Answer -1. Blood is filtered into the Nephron
2. Composition changes during the process
Composition of the Renal Corpuscle - Answer -1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman's Capsule
3. Urinary Space
, What does the Glomerulus intertwine with? - Answer -The network of capillaries
Where does the glomerulus receive blood and where does blood leave the glomerulus?
- Answer -The glomerulus receives blood from the afferent arteriole and blood leaves
the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole
What is the Bowman's Capsule? - Answer -A sac-like structure that surrounds the
glomerulus
What is the Bowman's capsule composed of? - Answer -Squamous Epithelial Cells
What does the Bowman's Capsule enclose? - Answer -the Urinary Space
Define Urinary Space - Answer -The space between the inner layer lining of the
glomerulus and the outer layer of the Bowman's capsule
Where does Filtration of fluid from Blood into the Nephron occur? - Answer -In the
Renal Corpuscle
Describe Filtration of fluid from Blood into the Nephron - Answer -Blood Pressure
1. forces water and dissolved solutes out of the
glomerulus and into the urinary space
2. produces a protein-free solution called filtrate
What are the 3 Layers of Filtration? - Answer -1. The glomerulus (capillary): endothelial
cell layer
2. Middle connective tissue layer
3. Inner lining of the Bowman's capsule: epithelial cell layer
What is the Glomerular Endothelial Layer? - Answer -Pores in the endothelial cells
lining the glomerular capillaries
Function of the Glomerular Endothelial Layer - Answer -They are small enough to
prevent passages of the blood cells into the filtrate, but they do allow some proteins to
get through
Composition of the Podocyte Layer of the Inner Lining of the Bowman's Capsule -
Answer -It is made up of epithelial cells, "foot cells", called podocytes.
What are Podocytes composed of? - Answer -They're composed of many foot
processes called pedicels
Describe the role of the Podocyte Layer of the Inner Lining of the Bowman's Capsule -
Answer -There are filtration slits between adjacent pedicels of podocyte which are
smaller than the pores of the endothelial cells.
They only allow water and dissolved solutes from the blood and into the urinary space.
What does the Kidney do? - Answer -Produces Urine
Functions of Kidney - Answer -1. Excretion
-removal of wastes from body fluids into urine
2. Regulation of Blood
-Ions
a. control blood Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium),
and Cl- (chloride) levels
-ph
a. control blood H+ (hydrogen) and HCO3-
(bicarbonate) levels
-Pressure and Volume
a. control blood fluid volume and therefore
blood pressure
What three processes do the Kidneys use to perform their functions? - Answer --
Filtration of water, ions, nutrients, and waste products from the blood
-Reabsorption of most of the water, ions, and nutrients back into the blood
-Excretion of metabolic wastes into the urine
Describe the Drinking Process - Answer -Water is absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI)
tract into the blood, which goes to the Renal Arteries which supply the kidneys and then
becomes urine.
We lose water constantly through our... - Answer --Skin
-Lungs
-Digestive System
The kidneys can regulate what because of what? - Answer -They can regulate water
volume because they can concentrate or dilute the urine
Among other things, what are the kidneys responsible for? - Answer -The kidneys are
responsible for our ability to survive on land without dehydrating
Where are the kidneys located and what are they protected by? - Answer -The Kidneys
are located on either side of the . vertebral column and are partly protected by the
ribcage
What are the 2 divisions of the kidney? - Answer -The Renal Cortex and the Renal
Medulla
,Describe the Renal Cortex - Answer -The Renal Cortex is the outer portion of the
kidney
Describe the Renal Medulla - Answer -1. inner portion of the kidney
2. separated into renal pyramids by renal columns
How is blood supplied to the kidneys? - Answer -1. Each Kidney receives blood from a
Renal Artery
2. The Renal Artery Branches into many smaller and smaller arteries
3. These smaller arteries travel between renal pyramids within the Renal Columns
4. They ultimately deliver the blood via the arterioles to a capillary network called the
"Glomerulus"
What is the percentage of total cardiac output that kidneys receive? - Answer -20-25%
How many liters of blood flow through the kidneys each minute? - Answer -1.2 Liters
How many times a day is the entire blood volume filtered by the kidneys? - Answer -60
times
How long would it take for the blood filtered by the kidneys to be excreted if it were
excreted in its entirety? - Answer -25 minutes
What percentage of the filtered blood is returned to the cardiovascular system? -
Answer -99%
Composition of the Kidneys - Answer -1. Nephrons
2. A Collecting System
How many nephrons does the kidney contain? - Answer -The kidney contains about
1.25 million nephrons which are 85 miles in combined length
What is the Nephron? - Answer -The Nephron is the functional unit of the Kidney
Composition of the Nephron - Answer -1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal Tubule
Where does Urine Production begin? - Answer -In the Nephron
What occurs in the Nephron? - Answer -1. Blood is filtered into the Nephron
2. Composition changes during the process
Composition of the Renal Corpuscle - Answer -1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman's Capsule
3. Urinary Space
, What does the Glomerulus intertwine with? - Answer -The network of capillaries
Where does the glomerulus receive blood and where does blood leave the glomerulus?
- Answer -The glomerulus receives blood from the afferent arteriole and blood leaves
the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole
What is the Bowman's Capsule? - Answer -A sac-like structure that surrounds the
glomerulus
What is the Bowman's capsule composed of? - Answer -Squamous Epithelial Cells
What does the Bowman's Capsule enclose? - Answer -the Urinary Space
Define Urinary Space - Answer -The space between the inner layer lining of the
glomerulus and the outer layer of the Bowman's capsule
Where does Filtration of fluid from Blood into the Nephron occur? - Answer -In the
Renal Corpuscle
Describe Filtration of fluid from Blood into the Nephron - Answer -Blood Pressure
1. forces water and dissolved solutes out of the
glomerulus and into the urinary space
2. produces a protein-free solution called filtrate
What are the 3 Layers of Filtration? - Answer -1. The glomerulus (capillary): endothelial
cell layer
2. Middle connective tissue layer
3. Inner lining of the Bowman's capsule: epithelial cell layer
What is the Glomerular Endothelial Layer? - Answer -Pores in the endothelial cells
lining the glomerular capillaries
Function of the Glomerular Endothelial Layer - Answer -They are small enough to
prevent passages of the blood cells into the filtrate, but they do allow some proteins to
get through
Composition of the Podocyte Layer of the Inner Lining of the Bowman's Capsule -
Answer -It is made up of epithelial cells, "foot cells", called podocytes.
What are Podocytes composed of? - Answer -They're composed of many foot
processes called pedicels
Describe the role of the Podocyte Layer of the Inner Lining of the Bowman's Capsule -
Answer -There are filtration slits between adjacent pedicels of podocyte which are
smaller than the pores of the endothelial cells.
They only allow water and dissolved solutes from the blood and into the urinary space.
