ZOOL 2403 LECTURE EXAM 2- DR. BOROS TTU
Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - Answer -axons; cell bodies
Ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - Answer -motor; sensory
White matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - Answer -axons; cell bodies
Spinal Meninges (three layers) - Answer -dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Spinal Meninges functions - Answer -protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and
nurtrients
Where is CSF - Answer -in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
CSF provides spinal cord with: - Answer -physical and chemical protection
As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter - Answer -less
Conus medullaris - Answer -caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
Cauda equina - Answer -spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only contains
axons; PNS
Divisions of spinal cord (CNS) - Answer -gray matter and white matter
Gray Matter - Answer -composed of neuron cell bodies
Dorsal gray matter - Answer -cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and sum signals
from PNS sensory neurons
Ventral gray matter - Answer -cell bodies of motor neurons receive and sum signals
from brain motor neurons
White matter - Answer -contains ascending and descending fiber (AXON) pathways
Ascending pathways - Answer -relays sensory info from spinal cord to brain
Descending pathways - Answer -relays motor info from brain to spinal cord
Spinal nerve divisions - Answer -dorsal root and ventral root
Dorsal root - Answer -contains axons
Cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
Carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
, Ventral root - Answer -contains axons
Cell bodies are in spinal cord
Carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
Spinal nerves travel through ____ - Answer -intervertebral foramen
Spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ - Answer -connective tissue wrappings
Epineurium - Answer -outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve; dense irregular
CT
Perineurium - Answer -wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
Endoneurium - Answer -surround Shwann cell; loose CT
Lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected - Answer -sensory and motor
Lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected - Answer -sensory
Lesion of ventral root= ___ axons affected - Answer -motor
Intercostal nerves innervate: - Answer -muscles of trunk
Skin of trunk
Spinal nerve plexus innervates - Answer -muscles of neck and limbs
Skin of neck and limbs
Cervical plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of neck
Brachial plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of pectoral girdle and upper
limbs
Lumbrosacral plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of pelvic girdle and lower
limbs
Musculocutaneous nerve innervation - Answer -muscles of all anterior forearm--flexor
Skin of anterior forearm
Median nerve innervates - Answer -most muscles of anterior forearm--flexor
Skin of hand
Ulnar nerve innervates - Answer -most muscles of hand
Skin of hand
Radial nerve innervates - Answer -all muscles of posterior arm and forearm--extensor
Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - Answer -axons; cell bodies
Ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - Answer -motor; sensory
White matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - Answer -axons; cell bodies
Spinal Meninges (three layers) - Answer -dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Spinal Meninges functions - Answer -protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and
nurtrients
Where is CSF - Answer -in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
CSF provides spinal cord with: - Answer -physical and chemical protection
As you go down the spinal cord, the ____ white matter - Answer -less
Conus medullaris - Answer -caudal end of spinal cord; CNS
Cauda equina - Answer -spinal nerves inferior to conus medullaris; only contains
axons; PNS
Divisions of spinal cord (CNS) - Answer -gray matter and white matter
Gray Matter - Answer -composed of neuron cell bodies
Dorsal gray matter - Answer -cell bodies of sensory neurons receive and sum signals
from PNS sensory neurons
Ventral gray matter - Answer -cell bodies of motor neurons receive and sum signals
from brain motor neurons
White matter - Answer -contains ascending and descending fiber (AXON) pathways
Ascending pathways - Answer -relays sensory info from spinal cord to brain
Descending pathways - Answer -relays motor info from brain to spinal cord
Spinal nerve divisions - Answer -dorsal root and ventral root
Dorsal root - Answer -contains axons
Cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
Carry sensory info from peripheral receptors to spinal cord
, Ventral root - Answer -contains axons
Cell bodies are in spinal cord
Carry motor info from spinal cord to muscles
Spinal nerves travel through ____ - Answer -intervertebral foramen
Spinal nerves are surrounded by ____ - Answer -connective tissue wrappings
Epineurium - Answer -outermost layer; surrounds entire spinal nerve; dense irregular
CT
Perineurium - Answer -wraps axons into fasicles; dense irregular CT
Endoneurium - Answer -surround Shwann cell; loose CT
Lesion of spinal nerve= ____ nerves affected - Answer -sensory and motor
Lesion of dorsal root=___ axons affected - Answer -sensory
Lesion of ventral root= ___ axons affected - Answer -motor
Intercostal nerves innervate: - Answer -muscles of trunk
Skin of trunk
Spinal nerve plexus innervates - Answer -muscles of neck and limbs
Skin of neck and limbs
Cervical plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of neck
Brachial plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of pectoral girdle and upper
limbs
Lumbrosacral plexus innervates - Answer -muscles and skin of pelvic girdle and lower
limbs
Musculocutaneous nerve innervation - Answer -muscles of all anterior forearm--flexor
Skin of anterior forearm
Median nerve innervates - Answer -most muscles of anterior forearm--flexor
Skin of hand
Ulnar nerve innervates - Answer -most muscles of hand
Skin of hand
Radial nerve innervates - Answer -all muscles of posterior arm and forearm--extensor
