NAS 2 CHALLENGE EXAMINATION PAPER 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Metabolism Answer: ANABOLIC + CATABOLIC
Both anabolism and catabolism occur simultaneously and continuously
to keep you alive.
◉ Anabolism Answer: SMALL substances are combined into
larger/complex molecules
◉ Catabolism Answer: LARGE substances are broken down into
smaller/simpler molecules. ("destructive metabolism" releases energy)
◉ Anatomy Answer: study of body structure of an entire organism
◉ Physiology Answer: study of internal functioning of an organism
◉ Give the order of the 5 steps in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism.
Answer: How are these related?
1. stimulus
2. receptor
,3. integrator/control center
4. effector
5. set point
◉ negative feedback Answer: mechanism that exists as a feedback loop
because it can either increase or decrease the stimulus. will perform the
opposite of the stimulus in order to return to homeostasis. (ex. human
body temperature, blood sugar regulation)
◉ positive feedback Answer: maintains the direction of the stimulus,
possibly accelerating it. (ex. Blood clotting/coagulation - as one clotting
factor is activated, it activates the next factor in the sequence until a
fibrin clot is achieved) (ex. Human birth - pressure on cervix,
contractions, hormone secretion)
◉ Homeostasis Answer: "steady state"; ability to maintain internal
conditions within a normal range almost constantly. Tendency towards
relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements.
◉ Describe the anatomical position Answer: the body is standing upright
with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. Upper limbs
are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward
◉ Head (Axial Body Region) Answer: cephalic
, ◉ Neck (Axial Body Region) Answer: cervical
◉ skull (Axial Body Region) Answer: cranial
◉ forehead (Axial Body Region) Answer: frontal
◉ nose (Axial Body Region) Answer: nasal
◉ base of skull (Axial Body Region) Answer: occipital
◉ mouth (Axial Body Region) Answer: oral
◉ eyes (Axial Body Region) Answer: orbital/ocular
◉ armpit (Axial Body Region) Answer: axillary
◉ ribs (Axial Body Region) Answer: costal
◉ shoulder (Axial Body Region) Answer: deltoid
◉ breast (Axial Body Region) Answer: mammary
FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Metabolism Answer: ANABOLIC + CATABOLIC
Both anabolism and catabolism occur simultaneously and continuously
to keep you alive.
◉ Anabolism Answer: SMALL substances are combined into
larger/complex molecules
◉ Catabolism Answer: LARGE substances are broken down into
smaller/simpler molecules. ("destructive metabolism" releases energy)
◉ Anatomy Answer: study of body structure of an entire organism
◉ Physiology Answer: study of internal functioning of an organism
◉ Give the order of the 5 steps in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism.
Answer: How are these related?
1. stimulus
2. receptor
,3. integrator/control center
4. effector
5. set point
◉ negative feedback Answer: mechanism that exists as a feedback loop
because it can either increase or decrease the stimulus. will perform the
opposite of the stimulus in order to return to homeostasis. (ex. human
body temperature, blood sugar regulation)
◉ positive feedback Answer: maintains the direction of the stimulus,
possibly accelerating it. (ex. Blood clotting/coagulation - as one clotting
factor is activated, it activates the next factor in the sequence until a
fibrin clot is achieved) (ex. Human birth - pressure on cervix,
contractions, hormone secretion)
◉ Homeostasis Answer: "steady state"; ability to maintain internal
conditions within a normal range almost constantly. Tendency towards
relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements.
◉ Describe the anatomical position Answer: the body is standing upright
with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. Upper limbs
are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward
◉ Head (Axial Body Region) Answer: cephalic
, ◉ Neck (Axial Body Region) Answer: cervical
◉ skull (Axial Body Region) Answer: cranial
◉ forehead (Axial Body Region) Answer: frontal
◉ nose (Axial Body Region) Answer: nasal
◉ base of skull (Axial Body Region) Answer: occipital
◉ mouth (Axial Body Region) Answer: oral
◉ eyes (Axial Body Region) Answer: orbital/ocular
◉ armpit (Axial Body Region) Answer: axillary
◉ ribs (Axial Body Region) Answer: costal
◉ shoulder (Axial Body Region) Answer: deltoid
◉ breast (Axial Body Region) Answer: mammary
