ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body — Levels of
Organization
2️⃣ Question Stem
A trauma patient arrives after a motor vehicle collision with a
fractured femur and localized muscle damage. The nurse
explains that healing requires coordinated repair at multiple
levels. Which sequence correctly orders biological organization
from smallest to largest, reflecting how tissue repair proceeds?
3️⃣ Options
A. Organelles → Organism → Tissue → Organ
,B. Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system →
Organism
C. Cellular → Chemical → Tissue → Organ → Organ system →
Organism
D. Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ system → Chemical
4️⃣ Correct Answer
B
5️⃣ Rationales
Correct: Tissue repair follows hierarchical organization
beginning at the chemical level (molecules) to cells, then
tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism—this
explains how molecular processes enable cellular repair and
tissue regeneration.
A: Organelles are subcellular structures but the sequence is
wrong (organism should be last).
C: Reverses chemical and cellular levels; molecules (chemical)
underlie cells.
D: Incorrect order; chemical level is foundational and tissues do
not precede cells.
6️⃣ Teaching Point
Tissue repair requires coordinated processes from molecules →
cells → tissues → organs → systems.
7️⃣ Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2️
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis — Homeostasis &
Feedback Systems
2️⃣ Question Stem
A postoperative patient develops a fever. The nurse recognizes
shivering and peripheral vasoconstriction as responses to fever.
These responses are best described as which component of a
negative-feedback homeostatic loop?
3️⃣ Options
A. Effector actions reducing the initial disturbance
B. Positive-feedback amplification of the set point
C. Sensor detecting the change and sending input
D. Set point adjustment in the integrating center
4️⃣ Correct Answer
A
5️⃣ Rationales
Correct: Effectors (muscle shivering, vasoconstriction) act to
generate heat and move body temperature back toward the set
point—classic negative-feedback effectors.
B: Positive feedback amplifies changes (e.g., labor contractions),
not shivering.
C: Sensors detect temperature changes (thermoreceptors), but
shivering is the effector response.
, D: The integrating center (hypothalamus) sets the reference,
but shivering itself is not a set-point change.
6️⃣ Teaching Point
Effectors carry out responses to restore variables toward the set
point in negative feedback.
7️⃣ Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3️
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis — Metabolism
(Anabolism vs. Catabolism)
2️⃣ Question Stem
A patient with severe burns is losing lean body mass despite
nutritional support. The nurse recognizes increased catabolism.
Which metabolic change most directly explains the loss of
muscle protein in severe stress?
3️⃣ Options
A. Increased ATP production from glycogen storage
B. Enhanced protein breakdown into amino acids for
gluconeogenesis
C. Increased anabolism of muscle proteins for repair
D. Decreased lipolysis and increased triglyceride storage
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Organization and General Plan of the Body — Levels of
Organization
2️⃣ Question Stem
A trauma patient arrives after a motor vehicle collision with a
fractured femur and localized muscle damage. The nurse
explains that healing requires coordinated repair at multiple
levels. Which sequence correctly orders biological organization
from smallest to largest, reflecting how tissue repair proceeds?
3️⃣ Options
A. Organelles → Organism → Tissue → Organ
,B. Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system →
Organism
C. Cellular → Chemical → Tissue → Organ → Organ system →
Organism
D. Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ system → Chemical
4️⃣ Correct Answer
B
5️⃣ Rationales
Correct: Tissue repair follows hierarchical organization
beginning at the chemical level (molecules) to cells, then
tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism—this
explains how molecular processes enable cellular repair and
tissue regeneration.
A: Organelles are subcellular structures but the sequence is
wrong (organism should be last).
C: Reverses chemical and cellular levels; molecules (chemical)
underlie cells.
D: Incorrect order; chemical level is foundational and tissues do
not precede cells.
6️⃣ Teaching Point
Tissue repair requires coordinated processes from molecules →
cells → tissues → organs → systems.
7️⃣ Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2️
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis — Homeostasis &
Feedback Systems
2️⃣ Question Stem
A postoperative patient develops a fever. The nurse recognizes
shivering and peripheral vasoconstriction as responses to fever.
These responses are best described as which component of a
negative-feedback homeostatic loop?
3️⃣ Options
A. Effector actions reducing the initial disturbance
B. Positive-feedback amplification of the set point
C. Sensor detecting the change and sending input
D. Set point adjustment in the integrating center
4️⃣ Correct Answer
A
5️⃣ Rationales
Correct: Effectors (muscle shivering, vasoconstriction) act to
generate heat and move body temperature back toward the set
point—classic negative-feedback effectors.
B: Positive feedback amplifies changes (e.g., labor contractions),
not shivering.
C: Sensors detect temperature changes (thermoreceptors), but
shivering is the effector response.
, D: The integrating center (hypothalamus) sets the reference,
but shivering itself is not a set-point change.
6️⃣ Teaching Point
Effectors carry out responses to restore variables toward the set
point in negative feedback.
7️⃣ Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3️
1⃣ Reference
Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis — Metabolism
(Anabolism vs. Catabolism)
2️⃣ Question Stem
A patient with severe burns is losing lean body mass despite
nutritional support. The nurse recognizes increased catabolism.
Which metabolic change most directly explains the loss of
muscle protein in severe stress?
3️⃣ Options
A. Increased ATP production from glycogen storage
B. Enhanced protein breakdown into amino acids for
gluconeogenesis
C. Increased anabolism of muscle proteins for repair
D. Decreased lipolysis and increased triglyceride storage
