ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A nurse admits an older adult with poor wound
healing. Which explanation best links impaired tissue repair to
the hierarchical levels of organization?
A. Protein synthesis at the organ level is inadequate, so organs
cannot regenerate.
B. Cellular-level deficits (reduced fibroblast activity) impair
tissue-level repair, delaying organ recovery.
C. Whole-organ failure prevents cellular metabolism, so tissues
cannot repair.
D. System-level dysfunction increases oxygen delivery, which
slows tissue repair.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (Correct): Wound repair depends on cellular processes
(e.g., fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis);
dysfunction at the cellular level impairs tissue-level healing
and thus organ recovery. This reflects the levels-of-
organization concept where cell dysfunction propagates
upward.
• A: Protein synthesis is a cellular function; referring to it as
an “organ-level” problem confuses levels of organization.
• C: Whole-organ failure is not required to explain delayed
wound healing; localized cellular/tissue deficits commonly
cause poor repair.
• D: Increased oxygen delivery generally supports, not slows,
healing; the option contradicts physiology.
Teaching Point: Cellular-level dysfunction (e.g., impaired
fibroblasts) inhibits tissue repair and organ recovery.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A postoperative patient is febrile and
tachycardic. The nurse recognizes these as compensatory
,responses. Which homeostatic principle best explains these
temperature and heart-rate changes?
A. Positive feedback increasing deviation to restore baseline.
B. Homeostasis uses only organ-level adjustments to correct
disturbances.
C. Negative feedback responses activate effectors to return
variables toward a set point.
D. Feedforward control eliminates the need for negative
feedback.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• C (Correct): Fever and tachycardia involve negative-
feedback pathways where effectors (e.g., vasoconstriction,
increased heart rate, sweating/shivering) act to restore
internal balance around a set point.
• A: Positive feedback amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth)
and is not the usual mechanism for restoring baseline in
fever.
• B: Homeostasis operates at multiple levels (cellular, tissue,
organ, system), not only organ level.
• D: Feedforward control can anticipate changes but does
not eliminate the central role of negative feedback in
correction.
Teaching Point: Negative feedback activates effectors to return
physiological variables toward a set point.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
Question Stem: During a neurological exam, the patient is
asked to lie supine. Which description correctly describes the
supine position and why it's used?
A. Lying face down; useful for assessing posterior structures.
B. Lying on the back with palms up; standardizes position for
directional descriptions.
C. Upright with feet apart; used for balance testing.
D. Lying on the left side; used to reduce aspiration risk.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (Correct): Supine means lying on the back with face
upward; palms face anteriorly (up) in anatomical position,
standardizing directional terms and examinations.
• A: Face down is prone, not supine.
• C: Upright stance is not supine; balance testing uses
standing position details.
• D: Left lateral is a side-lying position; not the definition of
supine.
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem: A nurse admits an older adult with poor wound
healing. Which explanation best links impaired tissue repair to
the hierarchical levels of organization?
A. Protein synthesis at the organ level is inadequate, so organs
cannot regenerate.
B. Cellular-level deficits (reduced fibroblast activity) impair
tissue-level repair, delaying organ recovery.
C. Whole-organ failure prevents cellular metabolism, so tissues
cannot repair.
D. System-level dysfunction increases oxygen delivery, which
slows tissue repair.
,Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (Correct): Wound repair depends on cellular processes
(e.g., fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis);
dysfunction at the cellular level impairs tissue-level healing
and thus organ recovery. This reflects the levels-of-
organization concept where cell dysfunction propagates
upward.
• A: Protein synthesis is a cellular function; referring to it as
an “organ-level” problem confuses levels of organization.
• C: Whole-organ failure is not required to explain delayed
wound healing; localized cellular/tissue deficits commonly
cause poor repair.
• D: Increased oxygen delivery generally supports, not slows,
healing; the option contradicts physiology.
Teaching Point: Cellular-level dysfunction (e.g., impaired
fibroblasts) inhibits tissue repair and organ recovery.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Question Stem: A postoperative patient is febrile and
tachycardic. The nurse recognizes these as compensatory
,responses. Which homeostatic principle best explains these
temperature and heart-rate changes?
A. Positive feedback increasing deviation to restore baseline.
B. Homeostasis uses only organ-level adjustments to correct
disturbances.
C. Negative feedback responses activate effectors to return
variables toward a set point.
D. Feedforward control eliminates the need for negative
feedback.
Correct Answer: C
Rationales:
• C (Correct): Fever and tachycardia involve negative-
feedback pathways where effectors (e.g., vasoconstriction,
increased heart rate, sweating/shivering) act to restore
internal balance around a set point.
• A: Positive feedback amplifies a change (e.g., childbirth)
and is not the usual mechanism for restoring baseline in
fever.
• B: Homeostasis operates at multiple levels (cellular, tissue,
organ, system), not only organ level.
• D: Feedforward control can anticipate changes but does
not eliminate the central role of negative feedback in
correction.
Teaching Point: Negative feedback activates effectors to return
physiological variables toward a set point.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
Question Stem: During a neurological exam, the patient is
asked to lie supine. Which description correctly describes the
supine position and why it's used?
A. Lying face down; useful for assessing posterior structures.
B. Lying on the back with palms up; standardizes position for
directional descriptions.
C. Upright with feet apart; used for balance testing.
D. Lying on the left side; used to reduce aspiration risk.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (Correct): Supine means lying on the back with face
upward; palms face anteriorly (up) in anatomical position,
standardizing directional terms and examinations.
• A: Face down is prone, not supine.
• C: Upright stance is not supine; balance testing uses
standing position details.
• D: Left lateral is a side-lying position; not the definition of
supine.
