CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION- MARKS EXAM 1/FSU
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Proteins Ans✓✓✓important macromolecules composed of amino acids
(20 possible) and 9 different classes
Enzymes Ans✓✓✓serve as catalysts that greatly increase the rates of the
thousands of chemical reactions
Structural proteins Ans✓✓✓provide physical support and shape to cells
and organelles; gives them characteristic appearances
Motility proteins Ans✓✓✓contraction and movement of cells and
intracellular materials
Regulatory proteins Ans✓✓✓control and coordination of cellular
functions
Transport proteins Ans✓✓✓involved in movement of other substances
into, out of, and within the cell
Signaling proteins Ans✓✓✓mediate communication between cells in an
organism
,Receptor proteins Ans✓✓✓enable cells to respond to chemical stimuli
from the environment
Defensive proteins Ans✓✓✓protection against disease
Storage proteins Ans✓✓✓store amino acids for later use
Amino acids Ans✓✓✓the linear polymers that make up proteins
Amino acids consist of... Ans✓✓✓a carboxyl group, an amino group, a
hydrogen atom, and a side chain known as an R-group
R-group Ans✓✓✓a functional group that defines a particular amino acid
and gives it special properties.
Hydrophobic Ans✓✓✓nonpolar; having a fear of water (9 amino acids)
Hydrophilic Ans✓✓✓polar; water loving (11 amino acids)
Condensation/dehydration reaction Ans✓✓✓Process of stringing
individual amino acids together into a linear polymer involves addition
of each new amino acid to the chain through this; 3 atoms of H2O are
removed, carboxyl carbon of one amino acid and the amino nitrogen of a
second are linked directly by a covalent bond
, Peptide bond Ans✓✓✓CO-NH bond linking two amino acids by their
amino groups
N- (or amino) terminus Ans✓✓✓the end of a polypeptide chain that
carries a free a-amino group
C- (or carboxyl) terminus Ans✓✓✓the end of the chain of amino acids
with the carboxyl group
Protein synthesis Ans✓✓✓Process of elongating a chain of amino acids
Polypeptide Ans✓✓✓A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds; immediate product of amino acid
polymerization
Monomeric proteins Ans✓✓✓Proteins that consist of a single
polypeptide
Multimeric proteins Ans✓✓✓Consisting of two or more polypeptides
that are often called polypeptide subunits
Conformation Ans✓✓✓Initial folding of a polypeptide into its proper
shape; different kinds of bonds and interactions
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Proteins Ans✓✓✓important macromolecules composed of amino acids
(20 possible) and 9 different classes
Enzymes Ans✓✓✓serve as catalysts that greatly increase the rates of the
thousands of chemical reactions
Structural proteins Ans✓✓✓provide physical support and shape to cells
and organelles; gives them characteristic appearances
Motility proteins Ans✓✓✓contraction and movement of cells and
intracellular materials
Regulatory proteins Ans✓✓✓control and coordination of cellular
functions
Transport proteins Ans✓✓✓involved in movement of other substances
into, out of, and within the cell
Signaling proteins Ans✓✓✓mediate communication between cells in an
organism
,Receptor proteins Ans✓✓✓enable cells to respond to chemical stimuli
from the environment
Defensive proteins Ans✓✓✓protection against disease
Storage proteins Ans✓✓✓store amino acids for later use
Amino acids Ans✓✓✓the linear polymers that make up proteins
Amino acids consist of... Ans✓✓✓a carboxyl group, an amino group, a
hydrogen atom, and a side chain known as an R-group
R-group Ans✓✓✓a functional group that defines a particular amino acid
and gives it special properties.
Hydrophobic Ans✓✓✓nonpolar; having a fear of water (9 amino acids)
Hydrophilic Ans✓✓✓polar; water loving (11 amino acids)
Condensation/dehydration reaction Ans✓✓✓Process of stringing
individual amino acids together into a linear polymer involves addition
of each new amino acid to the chain through this; 3 atoms of H2O are
removed, carboxyl carbon of one amino acid and the amino nitrogen of a
second are linked directly by a covalent bond
, Peptide bond Ans✓✓✓CO-NH bond linking two amino acids by their
amino groups
N- (or amino) terminus Ans✓✓✓the end of a polypeptide chain that
carries a free a-amino group
C- (or carboxyl) terminus Ans✓✓✓the end of the chain of amino acids
with the carboxyl group
Protein synthesis Ans✓✓✓Process of elongating a chain of amino acids
Polypeptide Ans✓✓✓A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds; immediate product of amino acid
polymerization
Monomeric proteins Ans✓✓✓Proteins that consist of a single
polypeptide
Multimeric proteins Ans✓✓✓Consisting of two or more polypeptides
that are often called polypeptide subunits
Conformation Ans✓✓✓Initial folding of a polypeptide into its proper
shape; different kinds of bonds and interactions
