NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Acetazolamide - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Diamox
Drug Class: Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
MOA: Inhibit CA, therefore reducing active secretion and production of Aq.
Use: IOP lowering in glaucoma.
S/E: Sulfa-Based, so watch for allergies, metallic taste, metabolic acidosis (watch in diabetics), aplastic
anemia. CI in COPD and pregnancy. Most fatal SE is bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia!!
Notes: Oral CAI's have more SE's than topical.
Dosage: 2 250 mg tablets for angle closure. Also 500 mg slow release tablet, but not for AACG.
Acetaminophen - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Tylenol
Drug Class: Non-Opiate Analgesic
MOA: Does not have anti-inflammatory properties.
Use: Analgesia and antipyresis.
S/E: hepatotoxicity.
Note: can be used in all ages and during pregnancy.
,NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Acetylcysteine - (ANSWER)Drug Class: Respiratory Agents
MOA: Mucolytic agent. Breaks disulphide bonds in proteins of mucous.
Use: Can be used topically for filamentary keratitis.
Acyclovir (oral) - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Zovirax
Drug Class: Antiherpes agents
MOA: Inhibits DNA polymerase
Use: All herpes viruses (HSV1-2, VZV, CMV)
S/E: HA's and GI effects are most common.
Dosage: 400 mg 5x/day for 7 days for HSV or 800 mg 5x/day for & 7 days for HZV. 400mg BID for
prophylaxis for HSV keratitis.
Albuterol - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin
Drug Class: Bronchodilator
MOA: Short acting B2 agonist.
Use: Rescue inhalers for asthma and COPD.
,NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
S/E: Due to B1 stimulation, Tachycardia, heart palpitations and tremors. May augment aqueous
production and increase IOP.
Allopurinol - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Zyloprim
MOA: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. Prevents formation of uric acid crystals.
Use: Gout or kidney stones.
Side Effects: Cataract formation, Steven Johnson's Syndrome
Alprazolam - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Xanax
Drug Class: Anxiolytic
MOA: Act on GABA receptor to potentiate effects of GABA in CNS.
Use: Anti-anxiety
Amantadine - (ANSWER)Drug Class: Anti-Parkinsons Meds
MOA: Potentiates dopamine effects
Use: Parkinson's disease
Amiodarone - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Cordarone
, NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic Medication
MOA: Blocks K+ channels.
Use: CHF, and cardiac arrythmias.
S/E: NAION, whorl K, and anterior subcapsular cataracts. Whorl K @ >400mg/day.
Amitryptyline - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Elavil
Drug Class: Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
MOA: Inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake
Use: Antidepressant
S/E: Anticholinergic effects. Overdose is life threatening!! Do not give to a suicidal patient.
Amoxicillin - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Amoxil, Dispermoxx
Drug Class: Penicillin
MOA: Transpeptidase inhibitor.
Use: G(+) and G(-)
ANSWERS
Acetazolamide - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Diamox
Drug Class: Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
MOA: Inhibit CA, therefore reducing active secretion and production of Aq.
Use: IOP lowering in glaucoma.
S/E: Sulfa-Based, so watch for allergies, metallic taste, metabolic acidosis (watch in diabetics), aplastic
anemia. CI in COPD and pregnancy. Most fatal SE is bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia!!
Notes: Oral CAI's have more SE's than topical.
Dosage: 2 250 mg tablets for angle closure. Also 500 mg slow release tablet, but not for AACG.
Acetaminophen - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Tylenol
Drug Class: Non-Opiate Analgesic
MOA: Does not have anti-inflammatory properties.
Use: Analgesia and antipyresis.
S/E: hepatotoxicity.
Note: can be used in all ages and during pregnancy.
,NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Acetylcysteine - (ANSWER)Drug Class: Respiratory Agents
MOA: Mucolytic agent. Breaks disulphide bonds in proteins of mucous.
Use: Can be used topically for filamentary keratitis.
Acyclovir (oral) - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Zovirax
Drug Class: Antiherpes agents
MOA: Inhibits DNA polymerase
Use: All herpes viruses (HSV1-2, VZV, CMV)
S/E: HA's and GI effects are most common.
Dosage: 400 mg 5x/day for 7 days for HSV or 800 mg 5x/day for & 7 days for HZV. 400mg BID for
prophylaxis for HSV keratitis.
Albuterol - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Proventil, Ventolin
Drug Class: Bronchodilator
MOA: Short acting B2 agonist.
Use: Rescue inhalers for asthma and COPD.
,NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
S/E: Due to B1 stimulation, Tachycardia, heart palpitations and tremors. May augment aqueous
production and increase IOP.
Allopurinol - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Zyloprim
MOA: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. Prevents formation of uric acid crystals.
Use: Gout or kidney stones.
Side Effects: Cataract formation, Steven Johnson's Syndrome
Alprazolam - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Xanax
Drug Class: Anxiolytic
MOA: Act on GABA receptor to potentiate effects of GABA in CNS.
Use: Anti-anxiety
Amantadine - (ANSWER)Drug Class: Anti-Parkinsons Meds
MOA: Potentiates dopamine effects
Use: Parkinson's disease
Amiodarone - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Cordarone
, NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM 2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic Medication
MOA: Blocks K+ channels.
Use: CHF, and cardiac arrythmias.
S/E: NAION, whorl K, and anterior subcapsular cataracts. Whorl K @ >400mg/day.
Amitryptyline - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Elavil
Drug Class: Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
MOA: Inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake
Use: Antidepressant
S/E: Anticholinergic effects. Overdose is life threatening!! Do not give to a suicidal patient.
Amoxicillin - (ANSWER)Trade Name: Amoxil, Dispermoxx
Drug Class: Penicillin
MOA: Transpeptidase inhibitor.
Use: G(+) and G(-)
