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BSC 114 Exam 4 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
operator Answer: the "switch" is a segment of DNA called ____ usually
positioned within the promoter
operon Answer: the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator,
the promoter, and the genes that they control
repressor Answer: operon can be switched off by a protein
regulatory gene Answer: the repressor is the product of a separate
corepressor Answer: a molecule that cooperates with a repressor
protein to switch an operon off
inducer Answer: inactivates the repressor to turn the lac operon on
differential gene expression Answer: the expression of different genes
by cells with the same genome
histone acetylation Answer: acetyl groups are attached to positively
charged lysines in histone tails
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,2
DNA methylation Answer: - the addition of methyl groups to certain
bases in DNA
- associated with reduced transcription in some species
epigenetic inheritance Answer: the inheritance of traits transmitted by
mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence
control elements Answer: segments of noncoding DNA that serve as
binding sites for transcription factors that help regulate transcription
enhancers Answer: - groups of distal control elements
- may be far away from a gene or even located in an intron
cell differentiation Answer: the process by which cells become
specialized in structure and function
morphogenesis Answer: the physical processes that give an organism
its shape constitute
cytoplasmic determinants Answer: maternal substances in the egg that
influence early development
induction Answer: signal molecules from embryonic cells cause
transcriptional changes in nearby target cells
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, 3
determination Answer: irreversibly commits a cell to its final fate
pattern formation Answer: the development of a spatial organization
of tissues and organs
positional information Answer: the molecular cues that control pattern
formation, tells a cell its location relative to the body axes and to
neighboring cells
homeotic genes Answer: control pattern formation in late embryo,
larva, and adult stages
embryonic lethals Answer: causing death during embryogenesis
maternal effect genes Answer: encode cytoplasmic determinants that
initially establish the axes of the body of Drosophila
egg-polarity genes Answer: another name maternal effect genes
bicoid Answer: maternal effect gene that affects the front half of the
body
morphogens Answer: establish an embryo's axes and other features of
its form
oncogenes Answer: cancer-causing genes in some types of viruses
© 2025 All rights reserved
BSC 114 Exam 4 Questions with Answers (100% Correct
Answers)
operator Answer: the "switch" is a segment of DNA called ____ usually
positioned within the promoter
operon Answer: the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator,
the promoter, and the genes that they control
repressor Answer: operon can be switched off by a protein
regulatory gene Answer: the repressor is the product of a separate
corepressor Answer: a molecule that cooperates with a repressor
protein to switch an operon off
inducer Answer: inactivates the repressor to turn the lac operon on
differential gene expression Answer: the expression of different genes
by cells with the same genome
histone acetylation Answer: acetyl groups are attached to positively
charged lysines in histone tails
© 2025 All rights reserved
,2
DNA methylation Answer: - the addition of methyl groups to certain
bases in DNA
- associated with reduced transcription in some species
epigenetic inheritance Answer: the inheritance of traits transmitted by
mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence
control elements Answer: segments of noncoding DNA that serve as
binding sites for transcription factors that help regulate transcription
enhancers Answer: - groups of distal control elements
- may be far away from a gene or even located in an intron
cell differentiation Answer: the process by which cells become
specialized in structure and function
morphogenesis Answer: the physical processes that give an organism
its shape constitute
cytoplasmic determinants Answer: maternal substances in the egg that
influence early development
induction Answer: signal molecules from embryonic cells cause
transcriptional changes in nearby target cells
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3
determination Answer: irreversibly commits a cell to its final fate
pattern formation Answer: the development of a spatial organization
of tissues and organs
positional information Answer: the molecular cues that control pattern
formation, tells a cell its location relative to the body axes and to
neighboring cells
homeotic genes Answer: control pattern formation in late embryo,
larva, and adult stages
embryonic lethals Answer: causing death during embryogenesis
maternal effect genes Answer: encode cytoplasmic determinants that
initially establish the axes of the body of Drosophila
egg-polarity genes Answer: another name maternal effect genes
bicoid Answer: maternal effect gene that affects the front half of the
body
morphogens Answer: establish an embryo's axes and other features of
its form
oncogenes Answer: cancer-causing genes in some types of viruses
© 2025 All rights reserved
