PSYCH 375- COGNITION FINAL EXAM
Thinking - Answer -Going beyond given information in order to reach a goal
Problem Solving - Answer -Trying to reach a certain goal when the solution is not
immediately obvious
Initial State of Problem Solving - Answer -Where you are at the beginning
Goal State of Problem Solving - Answer -Where you want to be when the problem is
solved
Problem Space - Answer -The active nature of solving the problem
Situated Cognition - Answer -Emphasizes the importance of the external
situation/context in problem solving
Using helpful information in the environment to create a spatial representation
Embodied Cognition - Answer -Body and physical motion that help with abstract
reasoning
Using your body to represent a topic
Algorithm - Answer -An approach that will ALWAYS produce a solution, but is often
inefficient
Heuristic - Answer -A mental shortcut that is an efficient strategy to producing solutions,
but is often error-prone
Analogy Problem Solving Strategy - Answer -Using a stituation similar to help you solve
a new problem
Surface vs Structure
Tumor and Fortress problem
Means End - Answer -Most effective method for problem solving
Dividing the problem into sub-problems and accomplsihing small goals
Hill Climbing - Answer -Always choosing the option that appears to lead most directly
toward the goal.
, Moving "up the hill" rather than taking a downhill trail
Expertise influence in Problem Solving - Answer -Better at solving problems in their
particular area of interest
Mental Set - Answer -Using solutions from previous problems, even if not the best
option
Functional Fixedness - Answer -Assigning stable uses to objects, and only using them
in traditional practices
Stereotype Threat - Answer -Belonging to a group with a negative stereotype and
recognizing the supposed deficiency can cause performance to suffer
Insight - Answer -"Light bulb moment"
Comes all at once
Noninsight - Answer -Understanding comes gradually
Creativity - Answer -Coming up with novel, useful solutions
Creativity in types of thinking - Answer -Originally believed that divergent thinking
(coming up with many very different answers) was the best form of creativity, but now,
convergent thinking (coming up with a single, best solution) is esteemed to be the best.
Extrinsic Motivation - Answer -Motivation through external means or promise of reward
Intrinsic Motivation - Answer -Motivation to perform a task for its own sake
Type 1 Processing - Answer -Fast and Automatic
Type 2 Processing - Answer -Slow and Controlled
Syllogism - Answer -If P, then Q
P, therefore Q - Answer -Affirming the antecedent
VALID
Not P, therefore not Q - Answer -Denying the antecedent
NOT VALID
Q, therefore P - Answer -Affirming the consequent
Thinking - Answer -Going beyond given information in order to reach a goal
Problem Solving - Answer -Trying to reach a certain goal when the solution is not
immediately obvious
Initial State of Problem Solving - Answer -Where you are at the beginning
Goal State of Problem Solving - Answer -Where you want to be when the problem is
solved
Problem Space - Answer -The active nature of solving the problem
Situated Cognition - Answer -Emphasizes the importance of the external
situation/context in problem solving
Using helpful information in the environment to create a spatial representation
Embodied Cognition - Answer -Body and physical motion that help with abstract
reasoning
Using your body to represent a topic
Algorithm - Answer -An approach that will ALWAYS produce a solution, but is often
inefficient
Heuristic - Answer -A mental shortcut that is an efficient strategy to producing solutions,
but is often error-prone
Analogy Problem Solving Strategy - Answer -Using a stituation similar to help you solve
a new problem
Surface vs Structure
Tumor and Fortress problem
Means End - Answer -Most effective method for problem solving
Dividing the problem into sub-problems and accomplsihing small goals
Hill Climbing - Answer -Always choosing the option that appears to lead most directly
toward the goal.
, Moving "up the hill" rather than taking a downhill trail
Expertise influence in Problem Solving - Answer -Better at solving problems in their
particular area of interest
Mental Set - Answer -Using solutions from previous problems, even if not the best
option
Functional Fixedness - Answer -Assigning stable uses to objects, and only using them
in traditional practices
Stereotype Threat - Answer -Belonging to a group with a negative stereotype and
recognizing the supposed deficiency can cause performance to suffer
Insight - Answer -"Light bulb moment"
Comes all at once
Noninsight - Answer -Understanding comes gradually
Creativity - Answer -Coming up with novel, useful solutions
Creativity in types of thinking - Answer -Originally believed that divergent thinking
(coming up with many very different answers) was the best form of creativity, but now,
convergent thinking (coming up with a single, best solution) is esteemed to be the best.
Extrinsic Motivation - Answer -Motivation through external means or promise of reward
Intrinsic Motivation - Answer -Motivation to perform a task for its own sake
Type 1 Processing - Answer -Fast and Automatic
Type 2 Processing - Answer -Slow and Controlled
Syllogism - Answer -If P, then Q
P, therefore Q - Answer -Affirming the antecedent
VALID
Not P, therefore not Q - Answer -Denying the antecedent
NOT VALID
Q, therefore P - Answer -Affirming the consequent
