PSIO 305 Exam 1 Material actual
Questions with complete solution
2025/2026
1. Why does Systemic Communication occur?
2. Involves (3):
3. Why? - correct answer ✔1. To prompt cells, organs, and systems to DO something
2.
- Response to momentary stimulus
- Can be acute or short-term
- May be an integrated system response
3. To maintain homeostasis of Critical Physiological Processes
4. Why else is systemic communication used? (3)
--> These are generally:
Slow/Fast onset and short/long lasting - correct answer ✔4.
- Supportive reasons (nutrition)
- Proliferation - cell growth
- Maintenance of cell and tissue function
--> Slow onset and long lasting
With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), bone and muscle loss grow in parallel despite what
condition? - correct answer ✔Deficit in muscle protein, dystrophin
,Ex. 3
1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment resulted (2):
2. What is the underlying mechanism? - correct answer ✔1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment
resulted in enlargement of specific areas of cerebral cortex and changes in dendrites
2. BDNF
*BDNF*
1. Stands for:
2. This is the main factor involved with _____
3. Increased (Aerobic/Anaerobic) exercise -> (Increased/Decreased) BDNF
--> The over-all effect of this will be - correct answer ✔1. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
2. Exercise
3. Increased Aerobic -> Increased BDNF
--> Increased cognition & memory
List the 6 diseases that cause decreased BDNF
BDNF is not only made here, but ALSO where? - correct answer ✔1. Obesity
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Depression
5. Cognitive Impairment
6. Dementia
, Neurons in brain, but ALSO in muscle (post-exercise)
Ex. 4 - Grasshopper
1. Aside from the muscle in the leg that is lost with leg amputation in the grasshopper, what other effect
takes place? (1)
2. What type of communication is this? - correct answer ✔1. Considerable atrophy of the thorax
(thoracic muscles)
2. Trophic (or tropic_
*Tropic communication*
1. Its greek root "Trophikos" means
2. It promotes what 3 things?
3. Effects are (long/short) term?
4. Occur due to what type of event?
5. BUT, this is sensitive to changes in what 4 things? - correct answer ✔1. Nutrition
2. Cell growth, differentiation, survival
3. Long term (longer lasting)
4. Robust phenomenon
5. Age, activity, pathology, nutrition
An increase in ALL of the following would suggest trophic communication or support EXCEPT
Questions with complete solution
2025/2026
1. Why does Systemic Communication occur?
2. Involves (3):
3. Why? - correct answer ✔1. To prompt cells, organs, and systems to DO something
2.
- Response to momentary stimulus
- Can be acute or short-term
- May be an integrated system response
3. To maintain homeostasis of Critical Physiological Processes
4. Why else is systemic communication used? (3)
--> These are generally:
Slow/Fast onset and short/long lasting - correct answer ✔4.
- Supportive reasons (nutrition)
- Proliferation - cell growth
- Maintenance of cell and tissue function
--> Slow onset and long lasting
With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), bone and muscle loss grow in parallel despite what
condition? - correct answer ✔Deficit in muscle protein, dystrophin
,Ex. 3
1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment resulted (2):
2. What is the underlying mechanism? - correct answer ✔1. Exposure to novel/enriched environment
resulted in enlargement of specific areas of cerebral cortex and changes in dendrites
2. BDNF
*BDNF*
1. Stands for:
2. This is the main factor involved with _____
3. Increased (Aerobic/Anaerobic) exercise -> (Increased/Decreased) BDNF
--> The over-all effect of this will be - correct answer ✔1. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
2. Exercise
3. Increased Aerobic -> Increased BDNF
--> Increased cognition & memory
List the 6 diseases that cause decreased BDNF
BDNF is not only made here, but ALSO where? - correct answer ✔1. Obesity
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Depression
5. Cognitive Impairment
6. Dementia
, Neurons in brain, but ALSO in muscle (post-exercise)
Ex. 4 - Grasshopper
1. Aside from the muscle in the leg that is lost with leg amputation in the grasshopper, what other effect
takes place? (1)
2. What type of communication is this? - correct answer ✔1. Considerable atrophy of the thorax
(thoracic muscles)
2. Trophic (or tropic_
*Tropic communication*
1. Its greek root "Trophikos" means
2. It promotes what 3 things?
3. Effects are (long/short) term?
4. Occur due to what type of event?
5. BUT, this is sensitive to changes in what 4 things? - correct answer ✔1. Nutrition
2. Cell growth, differentiation, survival
3. Long term (longer lasting)
4. Robust phenomenon
5. Age, activity, pathology, nutrition
An increase in ALL of the following would suggest trophic communication or support EXCEPT
